Siyakwamukela ku I-Cointelegraph China Focus.
I-Focus wuchungechunge olusha lohlelo lwezingxoxo olusungulwe ngu Cointelegraph China ehlanganisa izihloko ezishisayo emhlabeni jikelele. I-Cointelegraph China Focus imema abaholi bezimboni ze-blockchain abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuthi babambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni. Uhlelo luphethwe nguVadim Krekotin, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye Cointelegraph China.
UJeffrey Wernick ungumfundi we-postgraduate e-University of Chicago owenza izifundo zezomnotho nezezimali. Ufunde ngaphansi kwezingqwele ezimbalwa zikaNobel, ungusomabhizinisi ophumelelayo futhi ungumtshalizimali ozimele osemnkantshubomvu emakilasini ahlukahlukene ezimpahla. Futhi uyikholwa eliqinile futhi ungumtshali-zimali wakuqala e-Bitcoin, futhi waziwa kakhulu njengomtshali-zimali wangaphambi kwesikhathi ku-Airbnb nase-Uber.
Ake sehlele kukho.
I-Cointelegraph:
UFriedrich Hayek wayengusomnotho omkhulu kanye nesazi sefilosofi sezombangazwe esasikholelwa ku-laissez-faire capitalism. Ushilo ngaphambilini ukuthi uthonywe kakhulu uHayek. Njengomtshali-zimali wakuqala weBitcoin, ucabanga ukuthi ubukhona be-cryptocurrency buwuhlobo lwe-laissez-faire capitalism? Uwuchaza kanjani umnotho we-cryptocurrency?
UJeffrey Wernick:
Ngaphambi kokuba ngiphendule, ngifuna ukuphinde ngigcizelele ukuthi lokhu kubaluleke kangakanani kimi. Sonke isikhathi eShayina besingijabulisa kakhulu. Ngiyabonga!
Kuwo wonke umlando, imali iye yachithwa kakhulu, ukweba igama elisetshenziswe uHayek encwadini yakhe Ukuchithwa Kwemali. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho isiphathimandla esilawulayo esiphakathi nendawo sithola ukulawula ukukhishwa noma ikhwalithi yemali, siyehlisa phansi. Ngokuvamile kungenxa yesizathu esifanayo: ukusungula umbuso kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali ibutho lokukhulisa lowo mbuso. Imali yemakethe yamahhala isetshenziselwa ukuhweba, ukuhwebelana nokuhwebelana ngokuzithandela, ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yinoma yimuphi umuntu wesithathu.
Imali kahulumeni idinga amandla. Selokhu kwathi nhló yonke indawo yehlisiwe, futhi selokhu kwathi nhlo esikhundleni sayo kwabuyiselwa imali egunyazwe ubuzwe. U-Hayek wasekela ukuchithwa kwemali, futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi uzosekela ngentshiseko i-Bitcoin kanye nokuqedwa kwemithetho yamathenda esemthethweni, ukuvumela imakethe ihlulele imali.
Ngethemba ukuthi singaguqula umnotho we-gig ube umnotho wobunikazi, ngaphandle komongo wenkampani. Sethemba ukuthi incwadi esabalalisiwe maduze nje izonikeza amandla okuthi abantu bazihlele futhi - ngokuvumelana nokuphatha okushunyekwe kuphrothokholi - inqume ukwabiwa kwevelu kanye nentengo okokufaka emsebenzini wokukhiqiza. Umhlaba lapho ubufakazi bomsebenzi buziswa kakhulu futhi nobufakazi besiteki buba bungabalulekile njengoba amandla okuxoxisana esakazwa ngokulinganayo. Kulolu hlelo lwezomnotho lwamanje, ngokwezinga elikhulu, amandla omnotho anikezwa amandla okuxoxisana.
Amafemu ayazihlela ukuze athuthukise amandla okuxoxisana, futhi asebenzisa lawo mandla ukuze akhe imigoqo yokungena, okuhlanganisa nokunxenxa uhulumeni ukuthi avimbele ukuncintisana. Ngeshwa, i-ecosystem ye-blockchain - abahlinzeki be-shitcoin - ngobuwula igxile ekukhokhweni kunokusabalalisa inani kanye nenhlangano yomsebenzi wezomnotho. Njengoba ukulalelwa kwe-Libra kwabonisa, ohulumeni ngeke bayeke ukulawula izinhlelo zokukhokha.
Ukucabanga kanjalo kuwubuwula kakhulu. Inkokhelo ilawulwa ohulumeni - banokuzimela. Kodwa ukubaluleka kusewumsebenzi wezimakethe. Yakha izimakethe eziqinile. Sethemba ukuthi i-blockchain ingangena esikhundleni sawo wonke amaleja - wonke ama-accounting - ukuze siphinde sithembe ukukhiqizwa kolwazi, ikhwalithi yalo, ukungaguquki kwalo kanye nokufika ngesikhathi. Futhi ukucacisa uShakespeare, ungabulali kuphela bonke abameli, kodwa futhi ama-accountant, abalawuli kanye nawo wonke ama-ejenti avela eceleni. Iqiniso lihlala ebhukwini.
CT:
I-Bitcoin isithuthuke ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 - ucabanga ukuthi yonke i-blockchain ecosystem ihamba ngendlela uHayek asho ngayo? Wenzani ngokuthuthuka kwe-cryptocurrency kule minyaka eyi-10?
I-JW:
Njengamanje, i-Bitcoin iyisitolo senani, futhi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, izimali ze-crypto ziye zavela ngamasu ahlukene okuhweba amanani - abadayisi abanomfutho kanye nabahwebi abashintshashintshayo. Kusukela I-Bitcoin ibilokhu iyisitolo esihle kakhulu senani kusukela yasungulwa, ngokombono wami, ngezinga elikhulu, i-Bitcoin ithuthuke kahle kakhulu.
Kodwa ngifisa sengathi ngabe kukhona abanikazi be-Bitcoin abaningi nabathengisi be-Bitcoin abancane. Ngifisa sengathi wonke umuntu angathatha iphesenti elincane lomholo ngamunye, noma ukungena ngakunye kwemali, futhi isikhathi ngasinye atshale u-2-10% ku-Bitcoin.
CT:
Yini oyilindele njengekusasa eliseduze le-blockchain kanye ne-cryptocurrency njengoba siqhubeka singena ku-2020, uma kubhekwa ukuqala okuneziyaluyalu onyakeni omusha? Futhi, ngezinga elibanzi, ubona kanjani futhi uhlole kanjani umthelela we-coronavirus yenoveli - COVID-19 - emnothweni womhlaba kanye nezimakethe zezimali?
I-JW:
Umnotho womhlaba ubuntekenteke isikhathi eside, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane kudalule ubuthakathaka obukhulu bomnotho womhlaba. Kuyisikhumbuzo esidabukisayo sokuthi siphila ndawonye emhlabeni. Igciwane alizange lithole i-visa noma ipasipoti. Ubuzwe bayo abunamsebenzi. Imiphumela yako izwakala yonke indawo: izimpilo ezilahlekile, ukuvalelwa, imicimbi ikhanseliwe kanye nezimakethe ngokuwa kwamahhala.
Esinye isibonelo sendlela ukwethembana okucekeleke ngayo. Okuwukuphela kolwazi engikholelwa ukuthi yilolo oluqoshwe kubhukwana le-Bitcoin. Konke okunye kuyinkulumo-ze kimi.
Lawo ma-shitcoins athengisayo, ama-ICO omkhonyovu - athembisa uguquko ekuthembekeni ngobuchwepheshe obungathembeki, ngokusatshalaliswa kokwethembana kanye nokuqedwa kwabaqambimanga bezinkampani zangaphandle njengokwethenjwa kwemvelo yethu. Iningi libonakale lingamaxoki amakhulu kunalawo asemnothweni wendabuko.
CT:
Uyikholwa eliqinile le-Bitcoin, njengoba uthenge kusenesikhathi. Ngaphambilini uthe awukaze uthengise i-Bitcoin eyodwa - ingabe kusenjalo? Kungani ufuna ukuqhubeka ubambe i-Bitcoin? Uma ungakaze uthengise i-Bitcoin, ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi awusoze wasebenzisa i-Bitcoin?
I-JW:
Umthetho kaGresham: Imali embi iphoqa imali enhle ukuthi ingahambi. Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma imali embi isaqhubeka, ngizosebenzisa imali ye-fiat kuphela futhi ngibambe i-Bitcoin. Icala elingcono kakhulu lokusebenzisa i-Bitcoin linjengesitolo senani. Leyo yimfanelo engcono kakhulu yemali. Kungcono ukuqongelela ingcebo kunokusebenzisa imali. Imali ye-shit ngeyokuchitha; I-Bitcoin - isitolo esingcono kakhulu senani - esonga.
CT:
I-Bitcoin ithathwa njenge-blockchain 1.0, kuyilapho i-Ethereum ithathwa njenge-blockchain 2.0, ingabe uyavuma? Futhi, awugcini nje ngokusekela i-Bitcoin, kodwa usebenze njengomeluleki we-Qtum. Kwenzeka kanjani lokho?
I-JW:
Abantu abathi i-Bitcoin i-blockchain 1.0, i-Ethereum ingu-2.0 futhi i-EOS ingu-3.0 - ngicabanga ukuthi bangama-moons. Lokhu ngikushilo ezingxoxweni eziningi. Bangamahlanya. Asikho esinye isitolo senani esingenziwa imali ngokushesha njenge-Bitcoin. Ukuhlala kwayo kukhulu, kushesha kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi esinye isitolo senani. Zama ukuthengisa ubuciko, amasheya, amabhondi, indlu yakho, imoto yakho nanoma yini enye ngokushesha njenge-Bitcoin. I-Ether ne-EOS yizitolo ezimbi zenani kanye nezindlela ezimbi zokukhokha.
U-Ethereum waba uhlelo lwe-Ponzi ngenxa yama-ICO. Yaba imali yokugcina umnotho we-shitcoin. Ngaphikelela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ibhamuza le-shitcoin lizoqhuma kanye ne-Ethereum nalo. I-Ethereum inokuphila okusha manje njengoba kuvela umnotho omusha we-shitcoin: hlukanisa ezezimali.
Futhi mayelana ne-EOS, ikhokhele inhlawulo futhi yavuma kakhulu ukuthi inamanga. Futhi i-Larimer ikwenye iphrojekthi - futhi njengoba ngibikezele - eqinisekisa ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo sokubusa kwe-EOS. Ngikhumbula lapho abantu abambalwa bengibhalela mayelana nokubamba i-EOS lapho cishe i-$ 18 futhi bethi, "Enyangeni." Ngaphendula ngokuthi, “Endlini yangasese,” futhi ngasikisela ukuthi badayise ngokushesha.
Mayelana ne-Qtum, ngahlangana noPatrick cishe unyaka ngaphambi kokuba enze i-ICO yakhe. Ngamthola engumuntu ozimisele, ocabangayo. Bengilokhu ngigcizelela ukuthi amaphrojekthi amaningi azofeyila futhi ngibheje ngabantu abazofunda. Mina noPatrick sihlala singabangane. UPatrick uzibophezele ukuqhubeka nokufunda - leyo yimfanelo ebalulekile. Bambalwa kulabo engihlangane nabo abafuna ngempela ukufunda.
CT:
Waziwa nangokuba ngumtshali-zimali wangaphambi kwesikhathi e-Uber naku-Airbnb. Ngicabanga ukuthi abatshalizimali abaningi bayavuma ukuthi unokuqonda okuyingqayizivele kulo mhlaba, ukuthi uthwebule izidingo zale minyaka.
Manje njengoba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-blockchain, idatha enkulu, ukufunda okujulile, nobuchwepheshe obuningi buyathuthuka, yini ezolandela ngemva kwenkathi ye-inthanethi? Ingabe kukhona ocabanga ukuthi kuzoshintsha indlela abantu abaphila ngayo?
I-JW:
Ezikhathini eziningi ngike ngasho ukuthi imfologo enkulu emgwaqeni iphakathi kokumiswa maphakathi kanye nokwabiwa kwamazwe. Okuningi kwe-blockchain kumayelana nokuvula indawo eyodwa. Ngingumgqugquzeli wokwahlukaniswa, imali engashintshi, incwadi engaguquleki, ukuxhumana okubethelwe, ukuzimela kwedatha futhi asisadingi izinkampani zangaphandle njengabaqambimanga noma abadinga umsebenzi wezomnotho ngaphakathi kwefemu — uguquko lwangempela lokwethenjwa emphakathini wontanga.
CT:
NgoSepthemba wonyaka odlule, iGoogle yenza izihloko zezindaba lapho kumemezela ukuthi yayifinyelele “Ukuphakama Kwe-Quantum” - ukuxazulula inkinga empeleni okungenakwenzeka ukuthi amakhompyutha asendulo ayixazulule. Ingabe amakhompyutha e-quantum azoyiphula i-Bitcoin?
I-JW:
I-Google yake yasho inhloso yayo: "Ungenzi okubi." Ngicabanga ukuthi isizathu ayisakusho lokho ingoba uma kwenzekile kungenzeka ukuthi iboshelwe ukukhwabanisa. Ngikholwa ukuthi isitatimende esinembe kakhulu mayelana ne-Google ukuthi yenza ububi kuphela.
U-Eric Schmidt wake wathi engxoxweni ukuthi basondela eduze komugqa osabekayo futhi bayeke. Hhayi-ke, sebewele umngcele endaweni esabekayo. Bawucisha ulayini, futhi yonke into abayenzayo iyasabeka.
I-Google ngeke yehlule i-Bitcoin! I-Bitcoin imele i-supercomputer enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi iya iba namandla futhi ivikeleke ngokwengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe buguqukela ebubini, buphinde buguqukele nakulabo abasebenzela ukunwetshwa kwabantu kanye nokukhululeka ebubini be-Google. Imali yami ihlala kuBitcoin.
CT:
Ngaphambilini uveze umbono wokuthi indlela yokulinganisa ye-Wall Street ishintshile. Ngakho-ke, kungani i-Wall Street ingathandi i-Bitcoin? Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi abazi ukuthi bangayisebenzisa kanjani i-Bitcoin ukuze baxoxe indaba enhle?
I-JW:
I-Wall Street ayithandi i-Bitcoin ngoba I-Bitcoin iphambene ne-Wall Street. Ziyizinto eziphikisana ne-polar, ngokwefilosofi. I-Wall Street ilawula imali, ilawula izinkampani zangaphandle ezithenjwayo, yenza izimangalo ezingelona iqiniso zokuthi ileja inamanga, ifuna kwehliswe imali, futhi iyithuluzi lokuhlanganisa ingcebo namandla kuyilapho ibeka izithiyo eziningi zokungena. I-Bitcoin inkululeko; I-Wall Street iwubugqila bezikweletu. I-Wall Street isebhizinisini lemali yokungathembeki; I-Bitcoin - njengegolide - iyimali ethembekile.
CT:
Ungathini ku-Satoshi Nakamoto uma uhlangana naye?
I-JW:
Ngiyajabula ukuthi ngiyazi i-Bitcoin. Asikho isidingo sokwazi uSatoshi. Kimina, ifilosofi yeBitcoin ukuthi iSatoshi ayibalulekile, nokuthi iBitcoin izikhulumela yona. Kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ubunikazi bulinganiselwe ngokwedlulele, futhi izibaluli zilinganiswa kancane. Izibaluli ziyizinto ezibalulekile - ubunikazi akumele bungabi nandaba.
Umbuzo ovela kwilungu lezethameli, uKevin Ren:
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi yentuthuko, ucabanga ukuthi i-Bitcoin ihlukaniswe ngokwanele? Ingabe imakethe noma umenzi onquma inani?
I-JW:
Ngenelisekile ngokuhlukaniswa kweBitcoin, ngendlela yokuthi izikhuthazo zokusebenzisa imali ephindwe kabili kanye ne-Bitcoin yomgunyathi ziphansi kakhulu. Kunenani eliningi, futhi lisatshalaliswa ngokwanele ukuze kunqandwe inkinga. Futhi njengoba ukwakheka kwayo kokubusa kuyi-anarchistic - ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegama elingcono - i-Bitcoin ihlala ingaguquki.
CT:
Lena bekuyinkulumo emnandi nefundisayo noJeffrey. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokwabelana ngemibono yakho nomphakathi wethu. Umbono nesikhundla sakho kuhlukile. Ngokuzayo, sizokumema ukuthi uze e-China futhi sizokubonisa umoya wethu wokungenisa izihambi mathupha.
Le nhlolokhono ihlelwe kancane futhi yafinyezwa.
Umthombo: https://cointelegraph.com/news/jeffrey-wernick-on-cointelegraph-china-focus
