Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwesithathu ochungechungeni oluncane esilwenzayo mayelana nokufinyeleleka kwefomu. Uma uphuthelwe okuthunyelwe kwesi-3, bheka Ukuphatha Ukugxila komsebenzisi nge-:focus-visible. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizobheka ukusebenzisa isifundi sesikrini lapho uzulazula kwifomu, kanye neminye imikhuba ehamba phambili.

Yini i-Screen Reader?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile igama elithi "isifundi sesikrini" njengoba ubuzulazula kuwebhu. Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa isifundi sesikrini ngalesi sikhathi ukuze wenze izivivinyo zokufinyeleleka mathupha kokuhlangenwe nakho okwakhayo. Isifundi sesikrini siwuhlobo lwe-AT noma ubuchwepheshe obusizayo.

Isifundi sesikrini siguqula umbhalo wedijithali uwenze inkulumo ehlanganisiwe noma okukhiphayo kwe-Braille, okuvame ukubonakala ngesifundi se-Braille.

Kulesi sibonelo, ngizobe ngisebenzisa iMac VO. I-Mac VO (VoiceOver) yakhelwe ngaphakathi kuwo wonke amadivayisi we-Mac; I-iOS, i-iPadOS, nezinhlelo ze-macOS. Kuya ngohlobo lwedivayisi osebenzisa kuyo i-macOS, ukuvula i-VO kungahluka. I-Macbook Pro esebenzisa i-VO engibhala kuyo lokhu ayinayo ibha yokuthinta, ngakho-ke ngizobe ngisebenzisa okhiye bezinqamuleli ngokuya ngehadiwe.

I-Spin Up VO ku-macOS

Uma usebenzisa i-Macbook Pro ebuyekeziwe, ikhibhodi emshinini wakho izobukeka njengesithombe esingezansi.

Uzoqala ngokubamba i- cmd bese ucindezela i-ID yokuthinta izikhathi ezintathu ngokushesha.

Uma uku-MBP (MacBook Pro) eneTouchBar, uzosebenzisa isinqamuleli cmd+fn+f5 ukuvula i-VO. Uma usebenzisa ikhibhodi yomdabu nedeskithophu yakho noma ikhompuyutha ephathekayo, okhiye kufanele bafane noma kuzodingeka uguqule i-VO ivule kuzilungiselelo zokufinyeleleka. Uma i-VO isivuliwe, uzobingelelwa ngale ngxoxo kanye nezwi isingeniso ku-VO.

Uma uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Sebenzisa I-VoiceOver" usendleleni eya ekusebenziseni i-VO ukuhlola amawebhusayithi akho nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-VO ilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa neSafari. Lokho okushiwoyo, qiniseka ukuthi uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwesifundi sesikrini sakho ukuthi iSafari isiphequluli osisebenzisayo. Lokho kuya ku-iPhone ne-iPad futhi.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ongasebenzisa ngazo i-VO kusukela ekuqaleni. Indlela engiyisebenzisa ngayo mathupha iwukuzulazulela kuwebhusayithi nokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye tab, control, option, shift nokhiye bemicibisholo, ngiyakwazi ukuzulazula kokuhlangenwe nakho ngokuphumelelayo ngalaba khiye kuphela.

Enye indlela evamile yokuzulazula kokuhlangenwe nakho ukusebenzisa i- I-VoiceOver Rotor. I-Rotor isici esiklanyelwe ukuzulazula ngqo lapho ufuna ukuba khona kwisipiliyoni. Ngokusebenzisa i-Rotor, ususa ukudabula isayithi lonke, cabanga ngayo njengokuthi "Khetha Owakho Uhambo Lokuzijabulisa".

Okhiye bokuguqula

Okhiye bokushintsha indlela osebenzisa ngayo izici ezihlukene ku-VO. Ukhiye wokushintsha ozenzakalelayo noma VO is control + option kodwa ungayishintsha ibe yi-caps lock noma ukhethe izinketho zombili ozozisebenzisa ngokushintshana.

Ukusebenzisa Rotor

Ukuze usebenzise i-Rotor kufanele usebenzise inhlanganisela yokhiye/izinkinobho zakho zokushintsha kanye nohlamvu “U”. Kimi, ukhiye wami wokulungisa ungu caps lock. Ngiyacindezela caps lock + U futhi iRotor iyangizungeza. Uma i-Rotor iqhamuka ngingazulazula ngiye kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesipiliyoni engiyifunayo ngisebenzisa imicibisholo yesokunxele nesokudla.

[okuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe]

Ukuzulazula Ngeleveli Yesihloko

Enye indlela ehlanzekile yokuzulazula kokuhlangenwe nakho iwukukhomba ileveli. Uma usebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye bakho bokushintsha + cmd + H unganqamula isakhiwo sedokhumenti ngokusekelwe kumazinga esihloko. Ungakwazi nokuhlehlisa idokhumenti ngokucindezela shift ngokulandelana njengalokhu, okhiye bokushintsha + shift + cmd + H.

[okuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe]

Umlando Nemikhuba Emihle

Amafomu angenye yezinto zomdabu ezinamandla kakhulu esinazo ku-HTML. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna okuthile ekhasini, uthumela ifomu ukuze uthenge okuthile noma uthumele inhlolovo. Amafomu ayisisekelo sewebhu, futhi abe yi-catalyst eyethula ukusebenzisana kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu.

Umlando wefomu lewebhu uhlehlela emuva kuSepthemba 1995 ngenkathi yethulwa ku- I-HTML 2.0 spec. Abanye bathi izinsuku ezinhle zewebhu, okungenani ngisho lokho. UStephanie Stimac ubhale indatshana emnandi kuyo I-Smashing Magazine enesihloko esithi, “Ukulinganisa Ukukhetha Nangaphezulu: Okwedlule, Okwamanje Nekusasa Lokulawulwa Kwefomu Le-HTML Lomdabu".

Okulandelayo yizinqubo ezi-5 ezihamba phambili okufanele uzilandele lapho wakha ifomu elifinyelelekayo lewebhu.

1. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-elementi yefomu. Amafomu afinyeleleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kufanele asetshenziswe kuma-div ngaso sonke isikhathi.

<form>
  <!-- Form controls are nested here. -->
</form>

2. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i- for futhi id izimfanelo ku label's futhi inputukuze baxhumene. Ngale ndlela, uma uchofoza/uthepha ilebula, ukugxila kuzoshintshela kokokufakayo futhi ungaqala ukuthayipha.

<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required aria-required/>

3. Uma inkundla idingeka ukuze ifomu ligcwaliswe, sebenzisa isibaluli esidingekayo kanye nesibaluli esidingekayo. Lokhu kuzokhawulela ifomu ukuthi lingathunyelwa. Isibaluli esidingekayo se-aria sitshela ngokusobala ubuchwepheshe bokusiza ukuthi inkambu iyadingeka.

<input type="text" id="name" name="name" required aria-required/>

4. Sebenzisa, :focus, :focus-within futhi :focus-visible Amakilasi mbumbulu we-CSS ukuphatha nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuthi umsebenzisi uthola kanjani ukugxila.

form:focus-within {
 background-color: #cfffcf;
}

input:focus-within {
 border: 10px solid #000000;
}

input:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible {
 outline: 2px solid crimson;
 border-radius: 3px;
}

5. A button isetshenziselwa ukucela isenzo, njengokuhambisa ifomu. Yisebenzise! Ungadali izinkinobho usebenzisa div's. A div ngokwencazelo ihlukanisa. Ayinazo izici zokufinyeleleka ezingokwemvelo.

Demo

[okuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe]

Uma ufuna ukuhlola ikhodi, zulazulela ku- I-VoiceOver Demo GitHub repo. Uma ufuna ukuzama idemo engenhla ngesifundi sesikrini sakho osithandayo, hlola Ukuzulazula kwifomu lewebhu nge-VoiceOver.

I-Screen Reader Software

Ngezansi kunohlu lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe yesifundi sesikrini ongasisebenzisa ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza olunikeziwe. Uma i-Mac kungewona umshini ozikhethele wona, kukhona ongakhetha kukho kwe-Windows ne-Linux, kanye namadivayisi we-Android.

I-NVDA

I-NVDA iyisifundi sesikrini esivela ku-NV Access. Okwamanje isekelwa kuphela ku-PC esebenzisa i-Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 nakamuva. Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okwengeziwe, hlola i- Ikhasi lokulanda le-NVDA elingu-2024.1 kuwebhusayithi ye-NV Access!

I-JAWS

“Sidinga isifundi sesikrini esingcono”

- Angaziwa

Uma uqonde ireferensi engenhla, usendaweni enhle. Ngokusho kwewebhusayithi ye-JAWS, nakhu okuyikho ngamafuphi:

“I-JAWS, i-Job Access With Speech, iyisifundi sesikrini esithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni, esakhelwe abasebenzisi bamakhompiyutha ukulahlekelwa kwabo ukubona okubavimbela ukuba babone okuqukethwe kwesikrini noma ukuzulazula ngegundane. I-JAWS ihlinzeka ngenkulumo kanye nokuphumayo kwe-Braille ezinhlelweni zekhompyutha ezidume kakhulu ku-PC yakho. Uzokwazi ukuzulazula ku-inthanethi, ubhale idokhumenti, ufunde i-imeyili futhi wenze izethulo ehhovisi lakho, kudeskithophu ekude, noma usekhaya.”

Iwebhusayithi yeJAWS

Zihlolele amaJAWS futhi uma leso sixazululo sifanelana nezidingo zakho, nakanjani sihlole!

Umlandi

Umlandi uyisixazululo esakhelwe ngaphakathi sesifundi sesikrini esithunyelwa nge-WIndows 11. Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa lokhu njengesifundi sesikrini ozikhethele sona, isixhumanisi esingezansi esokusekela imibhalo ekusetshenzisweni kwaso.

Umhlahlandlela ophelele woMlandisi

I-Orca

I-Orca iyisifundi sesikrini esingasetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni okuhlukile kwe-Linux esebenzisa i-GNOME.

“I-Orca iwumthombo wamahhala, ovulekile, ovumelana nezimo, futhi onwebekayo onikeza ukufinyelela kudeskithophu yezithombe ngenkulumo ne-braille evuselelekayo.

I-Orca isebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza namathuluzi asekela i-Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT-SPI), okuyingqalasizinda yobuchwepheshe yokusiza eyinhloko ye-Linux ne-Solaris. Izicelo namathuluzi asekela i-AT-SPI ahlanganisa ikhithi yamathuluzi ye-GNOME Gtk+, ikhithi yamathuluzi ye-Java yesikhulumi se-Swing, i-LibreOffice, i-Gecko, ne-WebKitGtk. Ukusekelwa kwe-AT-SPI kwekhithi yamathuluzi ye-KDE Qt kuyaqhutshwa.”

Iwebhusayithi ye-Orca

I-TalkBack

I-Google TalkBack iyisifundi sesikrini esisetshenziswa kumadivayisi e-Android. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokuyivula nokuyisebenzisa, hlola lesi sihloko ku-Android Accessibility Support Site.

Ukuxhaswa Kwesiphequluli

Uma ufuna ukusekelwa kwesiphequluli sangempela sezinto ze-HTML kanye nezibaluli ze-ARIA (Isicelo Se-inthanethi Esicebile Esifinyelelekayo), ngiphakamisa caniuse.com ye-HTML futhi Ukusekela Ukufinyeleleka kwe-ARIA ukuze uthole okwakamuva kwe-4-1-1 ekusekelweni kwesiphequluli. Khumbula, uma isiphequluli singasekeli ubuchwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi isifundi sesikrini ngeke naso.

I-DigitalA11Y ingasiza ukufinyeza ulwazi lwesiphequluli kanye nesifundi sesikrini nge-athikili yabo,  Izifundi Zesikrini Neziphequluli! Iyiphi Inhlanganisela Engcono Kakhulu Yokuhlola Ukufinyeleleka?

Links

https://support.apple.com/guide/voiceover/with-the-voiceover-rotor-mchlp2719/mac

https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/

https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/aria/

https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6283677?hl=en

https://support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6283677?hl=en

• I-SEO Powered Content & PR Distribution. Khuliswa Namuhla.
• I-PlatoData.Network Vertical Generative Ai. Zinike Amandla. Finyelela Lapha.
• I-PlatoAiStream. I-Web3 Intelligence. Ulwazi Lukhulisiwe. Finyelela Lapha.
• I-PlatoESG. Ikhabhoni, I-CleanTech, Amandla, Environment, Ilanga, Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza. Finyelela Lapha.
• I-PlatoHealth. I-Biotech kanye ne-Clinical Trials Intelligence. Finyelela Lapha.
• Source: https://css-tricks.com/demystifying-screen-readers-accessible-forms-best-practices/