I-HodlX Guest Post  Thumela Iposi Lakho

 

Emhlabeni we-DeFi (ezezimali ezihlukaniselwe abantu abaningi), ama-oracle adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba nokuthembeka kwedatha. - ikakhulukazi idatha yentengo - esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwamaphrothokholi namapulatifomu ahlukahlukene.

Ayini amazwi entengo

I-oracle yentengo iwuhlobo oluthile lwe-oracle oluhlinzeka ngolwazi lwamanani angaphandle kweketango (langaphandle) kuzinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ze-on-chain (blockchain).

Ngokunikezwa kwemvelo ehlukile yama-blockchains, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile azikwazi ukufinyelela ulwazi lwangaphandle ngokuqondile, futhi izibikezelo zisebenza njengebhuloho lokuletha le datha yangaphandle ku-blockchain.

Kungani ama-oracle amanani ebaluleke kangaka ku-DeFi

Izisho zentengo zisakazwa kabanzi ku-DeFi. Ziyingxenye esemqoka yamaphrojekthi amaningi e-crypto.

Izivumelwano ezibolekayo zinquma ngama-oracle amazinga alungile okubambisa futhi ziqalise ukuvala uma kudingeka. I-algorithmic stablecoins igcina isikhonkwane sayo ezimpahleni zangaphandle.

Izimpahla zokwenziwa zilandelela izintengo zama-RWA (izimpahla zomhlaba wangempela) ukuze zilawule izinguqulo zokwenziwa ku-blockchain.

Noma iyiphi iphrojekthi esebenzisa izintengo zempahla idinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-oracle yentengo.

Njengoba izibikezelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi we-crypto futhi cishe njalo zidlala indima ebalulekile kuwo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-oracle sekungenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zokuhlaselwa kumaphrojekthi we-crypto.

Izinhlobo zezincazelo zamanani, izinzuzo zazo, ukungalungi kanye nezindaba zokuphepha

I-Chainlink intengo ye-oracle

Ngokungangabazeki umhlinzeki we-oracle owaziwa kakhulu, isixazululo siqukethe inethiwekhi yama-oracle (okuphakelayo kwedatha) okudlulisa idatha ku-blockchain.

Uhlolojikelele

Iqembu lama-opharetha azimele libuyekeza okuphakelayo kwedatha ngakunye. Ngokulandelayo, inkontileka ehlakaniphile iqinisekisa futhi ihlanganise idatha evela kulaba opharetha.

Abasebenzisi bayaklonyeliswa ngemisebenzi yabo yokushicilela idatha.

Isiphakeli sedatha ngasinye sinemingcele ethile, njengenani eliphansi lama-oracle, inani elincane lama-oracle adingekayo ukuze kubuyekezwe inani kanye nemvamisa yezibuyekezo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi idatha inikezwa opharetha abahlukahlukene, isinyathelo esibalulekile sihilela ukuyihlanganisa ibe ivelu eyodwa.

Le nqubo ivela ngezinyathelo ezimbili - ekuqaleni, opharetha basebenzisa ukubika ngaphandle kochungechunge, bese idatha inikezwa kwinkontileka yesihlanganisi.

Ukubika okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kufaka inethiwekhi ye-P2P (peer-to-peer) yama-opharetha ehlanganisa izindawo eziningi.

Yonke i-node isayina futhi ithumele inani layo, futhi kusetshenziswa indlela yokuvumelana, ukuthengiselana okuhlanganisiwe kuyakhiwa.

Lokhu okwenziwayo kuhlanganisa amasiginesha o-opharetha nezintengo ezithunyelwe futhi ngemva kwalokho kuqinisekiswa ngochungechunge.

Ukusebenzisa inethiwekhi yabaqhubi ngendlela yokuvumelana kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwenza intengo yokugcina - zonke izibalo zokuhlanganisa zenziwa ngaphandle kweketango, futhi kurekhodiwe umsebenzi wokugcina owodwa kuphela - ngenkathi futhi igcina ukuhlukaniswa kwesixazululo.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izifunzo zedatha yentengo ye-Chainlink akutholakali kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi futhi ngokuqinisekile akutholakali kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemali.

Ukwengezwa kwezimali ezengeziwe kungenzeka, kodwa kufanele zihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile ze-Chainlink, ezingabiza.

Ngakho-ke, lapho imali edingekayo yephrojekthi ingekho, ezinye izinhlobo zama-oracle kufanele zicatshangelwe.

Pyth intengo oracles

Omunye umhlinzeki we-oracle wamanani odumile usebenza kumaketanga angaphezu kuka-12. Ngokufana ne-Chainlink oracles, ihlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezilandelayo.

• Abashicileli abahlinzeka ngedatha yentengo
• Uhlelo lwe-Pyth's oracle, imojuli ehlanganisa idatha evela kubashicileli
• Abathengi, okuyizivumelwano ezicela idatha yentengo

Ake sihlole ukuthi ukwakheka kwePyth kusebenza kanjani kuningi lezinhlelo ezisekelwa yiPyth.

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha, kusetshenziswa umthetho olandelwayo okuthiwa i-Pythnet. Kuyi-a Solana-I-blockchain yohlelo lokusebenza olunamandla olusetshenziswa abahlinzeki bedatha bakwaPyth.

Laba bahlinzeki bahlinzeka ngamakhwotheshini entengo yempahla ngayinye. I-Pythnet ihlanganisa lezi zintengo ukuze ikhiqize inani elihlanganisiwe elilodwa.

Ngokulandelayo, amanani ahlanganisiwe adluliselwa kumaketango okuqondiwe kusetshenziswa iphrothokholi ye-Wormhole. Okokugcina, izinkontileka zabathengi zithola izintengo kusitoreji se-on-chain.

Izibikezelo ze-TWAP

Izibikezelo ze-TWAP zibala inani elimaphakathi lempahla ethile ngesikhathi esithile.

Njengoba kushiwo igama, lawa ma-oracle aku-on-chain asebenza ngokususelwe kumgomo obala inani lentengo yempahla esikhathini esinqunywe kusengaphambili.

Nakuba kubonakala kuqondile ekusebenzeni kwazo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokuphephile kuletha izinselele eziphawulekayo.

Enye yezinzuzo ezishiwo zokusebenzisa izibikezelo ze-TWAP ilele ekubhekaneni nenkinga yokukhohlisa intengo ngaphakathi kwamachibi e-DEX.

Ezimeni lapho iphrojekthi ixhunywe enanini elisheshayo lempahla, abenzi bokubi bangase basebenzise lokhu ngokusebenzisa imali ebolekiwe ukuze bagwebe intengo yempahla bese behlasela.

Ngokusebenzisa ama-TWAP, isikhohlisi siyaphoqeleka ukuthi sigcine intengo ehlanekezelwe ngesikhathi esithile, sivumela izindlela ze-arbitrage ukuthi zisebenze futhi zimelane nenhloso enonya.

Ngaphandle kobulula obubonakalayo bezinkulumo ze-TWAP, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphephile kungaba umsebenzi onzima.

Ukukhuthazela ekuhlaselweni kuncike ezicini ezimbalwa, njengokuphumelela kwendlela ye-arbitrage, umthamo wemali yechibi, ukungavikeleki kwephrothokholi ekukhohliseni amanani, indlela yokuvumelana yenethiwekhi nezinye izici ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokuvamile, kungahle kubekwe ukuthi ukuthembela kuphela kuma-oracle e-TWAP angeke kuthathwe kuphephe ngokuphelele.

Kodwa-ke, zingasebenza kahle njengesilinganiso esihambisanayo eduze nezinye izinhlobo zama-oracle entengo.

Ekuhlanganiseni, kuyilapho amazwi e-TWAP esebenza ukuze avimbele futhi enze kube nzima ukukhohlisa kwentengo okuxhashazwayo kumachibi e-DEX ngokudinga ukugcinwa kwamanani akhohlisayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe, ukuthunyelwa kwawo kufanele kuxhunyanwe nokuqonda okucophelelayo kokuyinkimbinkimbi kwawo kanye nokuba sengozini okungaba khona.

Ukuwabheka njengengxenye yesu elibanzi, elinezici eziningi zokukhuluma kuyasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina nokuvikeleka kwamaphrojekthi we-blockchain ekuzulazuleni kwezindawo eziguquguqukayo futhi kwesinye isikhathi eziphikisanayo. izimakethe ze-cryptocurrency.

Vula okuphakelayo kwentengo

Lesi isisho esakhiwe ngabakwa Ikomidi protocol.

Umqondo oyinhloko we-oracle ukuhlanganisa amanani avela emithonjeni ehlukene - ekuqaleni I-Chainlink futhi Ukungahluki izimakethe

I-Oracle yesiphakeli senani elivulekile isebenzisa inkontileka ekhethekile evumela umthombo othembekile ukuthi ubuyekeze izintengo.

Uma intengo isibuyekeziwe, iqhathaniswa nenani le-anchor elisuka ku-Uniswap pool.

Uma intengo ichezuka enanini lokubambelela ngaphezu kwemingcele ebekiwe ekuqaleni, isibuyekezo senani siyalahlwa.

Intengo yehange ilandwa ngomshini we-TWAP ochazwe ngenhla.

Isiphakeli senani elivulekile sivikela kudatha engalungile ethunyelwe umhlinzeki wamanani wangaphandle.

Okubi ukuthi lapho intengo iguquguquka njalo, inani le-TWAP lingase lingabuyekezwa futhi inani langempela lempahla elihlinzekwe umthombo wangaphandle lizolahlwa.

Umenzi we-DAO uyakhuluma

Ama-oracle omenzi angomunye wama-oracle amadala ku-EVM ecosystem.

Njengo-Chainlink futhi I-Pyth, isebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-off-chain lapho abasakazi bentengo behlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kwentengo yempahla.

Imojuli ye-on-chain oracle inezinkontileka ezimbili eziyinhloko -mi-edian ne-OSM (imoduli yokuphepha ye-oracle).

Ingxenye 'yemidiyeni' inikeza intengo yesithenjwa ethenjwayo yomaka. Ibala i-median yezintengo ezitholiwe futhi igcine inani layo.

Inkontileka ye-'OSM' iqinisekisa ukuthi amanani entengo agciniwe awathathwa ngaphambi kokuba kudlule ukubambezeleka okuthile.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nkulumo yentengo itholakala kuphela ezinkontilekeni ezigunyaziwe.

Isiphetho

Izisho zentengo ziyingxenye ebalulekile ye-ecosystem ye-DeFi. Ukuvikeleka kwamaphrojekthi amaningi we-crypto kuncike kuma-oracle.

Ngeshwa, asikho isixazululo esingcono kakhulu se-oracle yentengo - i-oracle ngayinye inemikhawulo yayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi.

Kungakho kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi ama-oracle atholakalayo futhi ukhethe isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sephrojekthi ye-crypto.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Imaphi amaphrojekthi e-crypto angasetshenziswa kuwo ama-oracle amanani?

Izibikezelo zamanani zingasetshenziswa kunqwaba yamaphrojekthi we-crypto, ikakhulukazi lawo angaphakathi komkhakha we-DeFi.

Izibonelo zamacala okusetshenziswa zifaka izivumelwano zokuboleka ezidinga ukuqinisekisa amazinga alungile okubambisa, ama-algorithmic stablecoins adinga izikhonkwane zentengo ezithembekile ezimpahleni zangaphandle nezinkundla zezimpahla zokwenziwa ezidinga ukulandelela izintengo ze-RWA ukuze zilawule ozakwabo bokwenziwa be-on-chain.

Ingabe likhona ikhambi elingcono kakhulu lama-oracle elitholakalayo njengamanje?

Cha, asikho isixazululo esilingana nosayizi owodwa wama-oracle okwamanje.

I-oracle ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi, kuye ngezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa, amamodeli okuphepha kanye nokuhambisana kwenethiwekhi.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izibikezelo ezitholakalayo bese ukhetha eyodwa ehambisana kangcono nezidingo nemigomo yephrojekthi ethile ye-crypto.

Yiziphi izingozi zokusebenzisa izibikezelo ze-TWAP?

Nakuba izibikezelo ze-TWAP zinikeza ukufaneleka okuthile, okufana nokunciphisa ukukhohliswa kwentengo ngokushesha ngokulinganisa intengo yempahla ngesikhathi esishiwo, azikwazi ukumelana nezinsongo nobunzima.

Ukuthumela amazwi e-TWAP ngokuvikelekile kuyinselele ephawulekayo, futhi ukuqina kwawo ekuhlaselweni kuncike ezintweni ezimbalwa eziguquguqukayo okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-arbitrage mechanism, ikhephithali ye-liquidity pool kanye nendlela yokuvumelana yenethiwekhi, phakathi kokunye.

Angase asetshenziswe ngempumelelo ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izinhlobo zama-oracle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza kuqhinga le-multi-oracle.

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UGleb Zykov ungumsunguli kanye ne-CTO ye I-HashEx Blockchain Security. Uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-14 yesipiliyoni embonini ye-IT kanye neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ekuvikelekeni kwe-inthanethi, kanye nesizinda esiqinile sobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe be-blockchain. - I-Bitcoin, i-Ethereum kanye ne-EVM-based blockchains.

 

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• Source: https://dailyhodl.com/2024/03/19/price-oracles-in-defi-explained/