I-Tornado Cash yenziwe izihloko zezindaba ngo-Agasti 2022 ngenkathi iHhovisi likaMgcinimafa lase-United States of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) liyigunyaza, laphakamisa imibuzo mayelana neqhaza izixube ze-cryptocurrency ekuqinisekiseni ubumfihlo bezezimali. Le mpikiswano yashuba njengoSinbad.io, omunye umdlali omkhulu, babhekane nezijeziso ze-OFAC ukuze kube lula ukuthengiselana okungekho emthethweni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya iqembu lokugebenga uLazaru.
Nakuba abahlanganisi benikeza isevisi esemthethweni ngokuthuthukisa ubumfihlo bemisebenzi ye-cryptocurrency, ukukhathazeka kuvela lapho izigebengu zibaxhaphaza ukuze zithole izizumbulu zemali, okungase kubeke engozini ukusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwamasevisi abantu abafuna ubumfihlo bezezimali.
Ngokuphambene nombono oyiphutha wokuthi ama-cryptocurrencies aqinisekisa ukungaziwa okuphelele, ama-cryptocurrencies amaningi aphezulu asebenza kumaleja avuliwe lapho okwenziwayo kubhalwa khona esidlangalaleni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Bitcoin inikeza ukungaziwa-mbumbulu ngokungavezi ubunikazi bomnikazi ngamakheli. Nokho, uma ukudluliswa okuhlukile kuxhunywe kubunikazi bomuntu ngamunye, yonke imisebenzi yangaphambilini nezayo ingalandelelwa.
Izixube ze-Crypto ezifana ne-Tornado Cash zidalwe ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba ngokwenza ngokungaziwa okwenziwayo. Kunezimo lapho abantu bangadinga khona ubumfihlo bezezimali, njengokwenza izinkokhelo ze-cryptocurrency ngezidingo zansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuveza imininingwane yokwenziwe. Izihlanganisi zinganqamula isixhumanisi phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli, ziqinisekise ubumfihlo.
Ngale kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ubumfihlo bezezimali buba bubalulekile ezimeni ezinjengokugcina amaholo eyimfihlo noma ukuvikela izigebengu eziqondise ingcebo yomuntu siqu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abahlanganisi bangadlala indima ekuvikeleni abantu emibusweni yengcindezelo ngokuqinisekisa iminikelo yokuxhasa izimbangela ezifana ne-LGBTQ+ noma izintatheli ezibucayi zihlala zingaziwa.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvalwa kweSinbad kanye neTornado Cash yiziphathimandla zase-US kugqamisa inselele yokugcina igama lingaziwa lapho kubhekwana nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni. Inethiwekhi Yokuphoqelela Ubugebengu Bezezimali boMnyango Wezezimali wase-US (i-FinCEN) izwakalise inhloso yayo yokukhomba izixube njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhwabaniseni imali, okuhloswe ngayo ukwandisa ukubeka izinto obala kanye nokulwa nokuxhashazwa okunonya kwamaqembu afana ne-DPRK kanye ne-Hamas.
Udaba lweziphathimandla kungenzeka kungabi yizinsizakalo zokuhlanganisa kuphela kodwa kunalokho ukuhlotshaniswa kwazo namakhasimende amakhulu. Idatha yokuhlaziya i-Chain uveze ukuthi uSinbad uphathe imali engaphezu kuka-$24 million eyebiwe kuLazarus Group, okukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwesihlanganisi.
Ukwehlisa izixube zamazwe ngamazwe kubangela izinselelo, njengoba kubonakala ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwewebhusayithi emnyama ye-Sinbad. I-Tornado Cash iphinde yethula kabusha izindlela zokuthobela umthetho ku-clearnet. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuphishekela iziphathimandla zase-US kungase kuholele ekupheleni kwemisebenzi yezixube ezingekho emthethweni.
Esitatimendeni sangoFebhuwari 2023, umsunguli ongaziwa we-Sinbad, uMehdi, wavikela le mixer njengephrojekthi esemthethweni yokugcina ubumfihlo, eyiqhathanisa namanye ama-cryptocurrencies agxile ekuyimfihlo namathuluzi, okuhlanganisa isiphequluli se-Tor, i-Zcash, i-Monero ne-Wasabi.
Umbuzo ophakamayo: Ingabe izixube zingabhekana nokusetshenziswa kabi ngaphandle kokuyekethisa amanani azo ayisisekelo? Abanye baphikisana nokuqaliswa kwezithiyo ukuze kuvinjwe amaqembu athile, kodwa inselele isekulinganiseni ubumfihlo nokucutshungulwa kokulawula. Umqondo wokwamukela izindinganiso ze-Know Your Customer uphikisana nenjongo yezixube.
Umkhulumeli we-Mixero wenqabile izindinganiso ezinjalo, egcizelela ukungqubuzana phakathi kwemibono yokungaziwa kanye namathuluzi okukhwabanisa imali. Kodwa-ke, abanye baphakamisa ukuthi abahlanganisi bangagwema izenzo zokuphoqelela ngokufaka izinhlelo eziqinile zokushushumbiswa kwe-antimoney kanye nezinhlelo zezimali zokulwa nobushokobezi.
Ubumfihlo bezezimali, obubhekwa abaningi endaweni ye-cryptocurrency njengelungelo lomuntu, bubhekana nezinselele njengoba izindikimba ezibusayo zihluka ekukuboneni lokho. Nakuba imithetho yobumfihlo ikhona, ukufakwa okusobala kobumfihlo bezezimali kusalokhu kuxoxwa ngakho. E-Europe, ukuvikela ngaphansi kweNgqungquthela Yokuvikelwa Kwamalungelo Abantu kanye Namalungelo Ayisisekelo kanye Nomthetho Ojwayelekile Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha kucace kakhulu kunase-United States, lapho ubumfihlo bezezimali bulawulwa ngemithetho yezwe neyenhlangano.
Empeleni, abahlanganisi bathole isithombe esingesihle ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi okungase kube khona, okudala isidingo samasu okuvimbela ukungena kwabadlali abangekho emthethweni. Ukusinda kwabo kungase kuncike ekutholeni ibhalansi phakathi kokuvikelwa kobumfihlo nokuhambisana nomthetho.
Ukuhwebelana kwe-Crypto okufana I-Coinbase Global Inc. (NASDAQ: COIN) kungenzeka balandele lokhu kuthuthukiswa okuthinta abahlanganisi be-crypto njengoba noma yiziphi izinguquko zokulawula zingathinta amaklayenti abo noma ngisho nokuhwebelana uqobo.
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