Asinaso isizathu esihle sokukholelwa ukuthi abafokazi bake bathintana noMhlaba. Impela, kunezinkolelo-mbono zozungu, futhi eminye imibiko eyinqaba ngayo ukulimala kwezinkomo, kodwa akukho okuthembekile. Isazi sesayensi yemvelo U-Enrico Fermi uthole lokhu okuxakile. Ukuqamba kwakhe iphazili, eyahlongozwa ngeminyaka yawo-1950 futhi manje eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Fermi Paradox, kusewukhiye ekusesheni ukuphila kwangaphandle komhlaba (i-SETI) kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo ngokuthumela amasignali emkhathini (METI).

Umhlaba uneminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5 ubudala, kanti ukuphila okungenani kuneminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.5. Indida ithi, uma kubhekwa ubukhulu bendawo yonke, izimo ezikahle zokuphila cishe ziye zenzeka izikhathi eziningi kakhulu. Ngakho ukuphi wonke umuntu? Sinezizathu ezinhle zokukholelwa ukuthi kumelwe kube khona ukuphila ngaphandle, kodwa akekho oke weza ukuzofona.

Lolu wudaba umlingiswa u-Ye Wenjie abambana nalo esiqeshini sokuqala seNetflix 3 Inkinga Yomzimba. Esebenza endaweni yokubuka umsakazo, ekugcineni uthola umlayezo ovela elungeni lempucuko yangaphandle—imtshela ukuthi bangabantu abalwela ukulwa nokulwa nokumnxusa ukuthi angawuphenduli umyalezo noma uMhlaba uzohlaselwa.

Uchungechunge ekugcineni luzonikeza isixazululo esinemininingwane, esihle ku-Fermi Paradox, kodwa kuzodingeka silinde kuze kube isizini yesibili.

Noma ungafunda incwadi yesibili ochungechungeni lukaCixin Liu, Ihlathi Elimnyama. Ngaphandle kwama-spoiler, incazelo etholakala ezincwadini iqhubeka ngale ndlela: “Indawo yonke iyihlathi elimnyama. Yonke impucuko ingumzingeli ohlomile ocathamela ezihlahleni njengesipoki, ephusha kancane amagatsha avale indlela futhi ezama ukunyathela ngaphandle komsindo. "

Ekugcineni, wonke umuntu ucasha kuwo wonke umuntu. Amazinga ahlukene enqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe enza ibhalansi yamandla eqhubekayo ingenzeki, okushiya impucuko ethuthuka ngokushesha isesimweni sokuqothula noma ubani omunye.

Kule ndawo ehlala isongela, labo abadlala igeyimu yokusinda yibona abasinda isikhathi eside kakhulu. Sijoyine umdlalo obuqhubeka singakafiki, iqhinga elifundwe yiwo wonke umuntu wukucasha. Akekho owazi lo mdlalo oyoba yisiwula sokuxhumana nanoma ubani—noma aphendule umlayezo.

U-Liu ubonise lokho akubiza ngokuthi "indawo yonke embi kunazo zonke engenzeka," ukuqhubeka nokuthambekela ngaphakathi kwenganekwane yesayensi yamaShayina. Akasho ukuthi umkhathi wethu uyihlathi langempela elimnyama, elinesu elilodwa lokusinda lokuthula nokudlondlobala okukhona yonke indawo, kodwa ukuthi indawo yonke enjalo ingenzeka futhi iyathakazelisa.

Ithiyori yehlathi elimnyama lika-Liu nayo izwakala ngokwanele ukuthi iqinise ukuthambekela engxoxweni yesayensi entshonalanga—kude nokukhathazeka mayelana nokungaqondi kahle, kanye nokukhathazeka mayelana nokusongela okuqondile.

Singabona umthelela wayo ongaba khona kuphrothokholi yokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ekuthinteni kokuqala okwahlongozwa ngo-2020 izazi zezinkanyezi ezivelele uKelly Smith noJohn Traphagan. “Okokuqala ningenzi lutho,” bephetha, ngoba ukwenza okuthile kungaholela enhlekeleleni.

Endabeni yokuxhumana nabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, uMhlaba kufanele waziswe kusetshenziswa ukusayinda okusungulwe ngaphambilini kunanoma yini ethuthukisiwe, bayaphikisana. Futhi kufanele sigweme ukwenza noma yini engase iveze ulwazi mayelana nokuthi singobani. Ukuziphatha kokuzivikela kuzokhombisa ukujwayelana kwethu nokungqubuzana, ngakho lokho bekungeke kube umqondo omuhle. Ukubuyisela imilayezo kunganikeza indawo yoMhlaba—futhi umqondo omubi.

Futhi, umcabango kaSmith noTraphagan awukona ukuthi ithiyori yehlathi elimnyama ilungile. Abafokazi abanomusa bangaba khona lapho. Umcabango uwukuthi ukuxhumana kokuqala kungabandakanya ingozi ephezulu yezinga lempucuko.

Lokhu kuhlukile emicabangweni eminingi yesiRashiya izincwadi mayelana nendawo yenkathi yamaSoviet, okwakusikisela ukuthi impucuko ethuthukile ngempela yayizodlulela ngalé kwengxabano, futhi ngenxa yalokho yayizoba nesimo sengqondo sobungane. Lokhu akusabonakali kuthathwa njengomhlahlandlela osebenzayo wamaphrothokholi wokuxhumana.

Ukuhumusha kabi uDarwin

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi inkolelo yehlathi elimnyama cishe ayilungile. Noma okungenani, akulungile endaweni yonke yethu. Ibeka isimo lapho kukhona inqubo kaDarwin yokuzikhethela kwemvelo, umncintiswano wokusinda.

I-akhawunti kaCharles Darwin yokuncintisana ukuze usinde isekelwe ebufakazini. Ngokuphambene, asinabo nhlobo ubufakazi mayelana nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, noma mayelana nokuncintisana phakathi noma phakathi kwezinye izimpucuko. Lokhu kwenza ukuqagela okujabulisayo kunesayensi enhle, ngisho noma samukela umbono wokuthi ukukhetha kwemvelo ingasebenza ezingeni leqembu, ezingeni lempucuko.

Ngisho noma ubungacabanga ukuthi indawo yonke yasebenza ngokuvumelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kukaDarwin, le mpikiswano iyangabazeka. Alikho ihlathi langempela elifana nelimnyama. Yizindawo ezinomsindo lapho kwenzeka khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo.

Izidalwa ziguqukela ndawonye, ​​zincikene, futhi azizona zodwa. Ama-parasite ancike ezilwaneni, izimbali zincike ezinyonini ukuze zisakaze impova. Zonke izidalwa ezisehlathini zincike ezinambuzaneni. Ukuxhumana okuhlangene kuholela ekuhlanganeni okubi, okunonya futhi okufushane, kodwa futhi kuthatha ezinye izinhlobo. Asebenza kanjalo amahlathi emhlabeni wethu.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi u-Liu uyakuvuma lokhu kuncikelana njengento ephikisana nethiyori yehlathi elimnyama. Umbukeli, nomfundi, batshelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi “emvelweni, akukho lutho olukhona lodwa”—icaphuno elivela U-Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962). Lona umbhalo ositshela ukuthi izimbungulu zingaba abangane bethu hhayi izitha zethu.

Endabeni kaLiu, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beshesha ukuya ohlangothini lwabafokazi, nokuthi kungani isifiso sokuxhumana sinamandla kangaka, naphezu kwazo zonke izingozi. U-Ye Wenjie ekugcineni uphendula isexwayiso sangaphandle.

Izinkomba zeCarson aziwubuyiseli umqondo wakudala waseRussia wokuthi abafokazi bazothuthukiswa ngakho-ke ngokuzithoba. Kodwa bayasiza ukudweba isithombe esihluke kakhulu nesingokoqobo kunethiyori yehlathi elimnyama.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isisombululo sehlathi elimnyama se-Fermi Paradox asigculisi. Iqiniso lokuthi asizwa muntu ngokunokwenzeka libonisa ukuthi ukude kakhulu, noma silalela ngazo zonke izindlela ezingalungile, noma-ke ukuthi akukho hlathi futhi akukho okunye esingakuzwa.

Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe kabusha The ingxoxo ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-Creative Commons. Funda i isihloko sokuqala.

Isikweletu sezithombe: ESO/A. Ghizzi Panizza (www.albertoghizzipanizza.com)

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• Source: https://singularityhub.com/2024/04/09/3-body-problem-is-the-universe-really-a-dark-forest-full-of-hostile-aliens-in-hiding/