I-Ethereum yipulatifomu ehamba phambili yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-blockchain eyahlongozwa ngo-2013 nguVitalik Buterin futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 30, 2015.

Kunezintambo eziningi ezahlukahlukene kule phrojekthi futhi ukuthola ikhanda lakho kukho konke kungaba yinselelo impela. Yingakho sihlanganise lo mhlahlandlela ophelele walabo abazibuza ukuthi “Yini i-Ethereum?” futhi “Isebenza kanjani i-Ethereum?”

Njengesibikezelo sesizukulwane sesibili sama-blockchains kanye nekhaya lemali yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, i-Ether (ETH), i Iphrojekthi ye-Ethereum iqalile inkathi entsha yokuthuthukiswa kwe-blockchain eyenza umphakathi womhlaba wonke wabathuthukisi bakwazi ukukhipha ubuhlakani babo esikhaleni.

Amandla okwenza izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile anikeze abathuthukisi ithuba lokucabanga ngamacala amasha wokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain ngaphambili obabuhlala buxhumeke kakhulu kuma-cryptocurrensets.

U-Ethereum uphinde wanikeza amabhizinisi, izinhlangano, kanye nama-startups amandla okukhipha amathokheni abo, futhi bazakhele eyabo i-blockchain ecosystem besebenzisa uhlaka lwe-Ethereum.

Kuze kube usuku, amathokheni we-ERC20 asuselwa e-Ethereum abe yindlela edume kakhulu yokwethulwa Iminikelo Yokuqala Yemali.

Vele, u-Ethereum usakhula futhi ubhekane nezithiyo ezithile. Ibhekane nezinkinga ezihlobene nokwehluleka, obekuqokonyiswa lapho umdlalo othandwayo ubuzinikezelwe Amakati akhiqizwa nge-inthanethi abizwa nge-CryptoKitties ikwazile ukuvala inethiwekhi yayo ngoDisemba 2017.

Kodwa-ke, ngomqondo oyingqayizivele, intuthuko ezayo, umphakathi onjiniyela onamandla kanye nenzuzo yokuqala yokuhambisa (okwesibili kuphela kuneBitcoin enamandla), i-Ethereum iphrojekthi eyodwa ye-blockchain eqhubeka nokuhlala phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwe-DLT nokuthuthukiswa kwe-crypto.

Ngakho… Yini i-Ethereum?

Kafushane nje, u-Ethereum uyinkontileka yomthombo ovulekile we-Smart Platform Yesicelo.

[okuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe]

The Iphepha elimhlophe le-Ethereum ichaza iphrojekthi njengesizukulwane esilandelayo esisabalalisa ipulatifomu yekhompyutha, enikezela ngomshini owabelwe phansi owaziwa ngokuthi i-Ethereum Virtual machine EVM.

Lesi sakamuva siyakwazi ukwenza izinkontileka zontanga nge-Ether (i-ETH), uphethiloli wayo ophathelene ne-crypto.

Ubuchwepheshe beBlockchain busetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuvumelana okwabiwe ngalo, kuyilapho i-Ether iyimpahla yedijithali esetshenziselwa ukukhokhela imali yokuthengiselana kanye nezinsizakalo zokubala.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweBitcoin ne-Ethereum?

Kusukela kwavela iphrojekthi ye-Ethereum ngasekupheleni kuka-2014 nokuqhuma kwayo kokuthandwa ngaphakathi komkhawulo we-nascent crypto space nangaphezulu, i-Ethereum ibilokhu iqhathaniswa neBitcoin.

Konke kufana nokusetshenziswa kweBlockchain njengobuchwepheshe obusekelwayo, womabili amaphrojekthi ahluke ngokuyisisekelo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo yinhloso ngayinye.

Empeleni, IBitcoin yakhiwa njengenye indlela imali ejwayelekile. I-Bitcoin ingasetshenziswa njengokushintshaniswa kwenani, indlela yokukhokha kanye nesitolo senani elingenagunya eliphakathi lokuyikhipha noma ukuyilawula futhi kungabi nenani elingaphakathi noma ukuba khona ngokomzimba.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ethereum kunalokho iyipulatifomu yabathuthukisi yokwakha nokusebenzisa izinkontileka ezisebenzayo ze-Peer-to-Peer nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisatshalaliswa.

Vimbela ukukhiqizwa kwesikhathi (amasekhondi ku-Ethereum nemizuzu uma kwenzeka i-Bitcoin), isilinganiso lapho kukhishwa khona izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha (njalo e-Ethereum kanye nohafu njalo ngonyaka we-4 uma kwenzeka i-Bitcoin), ubufakazi bokusebenza kwe-hashing algorithm ( I-Ethhash e-Ethereum, ne-Sha 256 ku-Bitcoin), kanye nokutholakala okuphelele (okufakwe kwizigidi ezingama-21 endabeni yeBitcoin nokungavulelwanga kuleyo ye-Ethereum) okunye umehluko okuhlukanisa amaphrojekthi womabili.

	Ethereum	Bitcoin
Usuku lokukhulula	July 30, 2015	January 9, 2008
Khipha Indlela	Okuthengisiwe	UGenesise Block Mined
umsunguli	I-Vitalik Buterin	Satoshi Nakamoto
Blockchain	Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi (Ingabe kuzoguquka bube ubufakazi besiGxobo)	Ubufakazi bomsebenzi
Injongo	Ipulatifomu yohlelo lokusebenza lweBlockchain, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile nezimali zedijithali	Imali Yedijithali nesitolo senani
I-Cryptocurrency Yomdabu	I-Ether (ETH)	I-Bitcoin (i-BTC)
I-Algorithm	U-Ethash	I-SHA-256
Isikhathi Sokuvimba	12 - 14 imizuzwana	10 imizuzu

Umshini We-Ethereum Virtual

I-Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), ingumshini wombuso ophelele we-256-bit quasi-turning-complete owenza imvelo yesikhathi sokusebenza yezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile futhi ucacise imodeli yokwenza izinkontileka ezinjalo.

Lo mshini usekelwe enqwabelaneni, uhlukene ngokuphelele kunethiwekhi enkulu ye-Ethereum, futhi unemodeli yawo yokugcina ezimele.

Eqinisweni, wonke ama-node ku-Ethereum Network asebenzisa i-EVM ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana.

I-EVM ingabonakala njengendawo yokuhlola izinkontileka zeSmart ngoba uma lezi zinkontileka sezithunyelwe ku-mainnet, isinyathelo esinjalo ngeke sihlehliswe.

Noma yimuphi umthuthukisi ofuna ukwakha ku-Ethereum, angasebenzisa ikhodi yakhe engahloliwe kule nethiwekhi yamakhompyutha futhi abone ukuthi idaka kanjani.

Isici esinamandla kunazo zonke se-EVM ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlela. Kuze kube manje, ukuhanjiswa kwe-EVM kufakwe ku-C ++, Java, JavaScript, Python, Ruby, Haskell, Rust, Erlang, WebAssembly nokuningi - kukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukufinyelela okulungile.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni namanye ama-blockchains, ngoba kusho ukuthi noma iyiphi enye i-blockchain empeleni ingasebenza futhi ihlolwe i-EVM enganika amandla izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kanye ne-DApps kuketanga lwabo, ngaphandle kokwakha umshini othile obonakalayo wochungechunge lwabo.

Ama-blockchains asebenzisa noma anikezela ngezinguqulo ze-EVM afaka phakathi I-Telos, Hyperledger Indwangu, i-EOSIO, nabanye - nama-blockchains afana ne-Tron asebenzisa imishini ebonakalayo esekwe noma ehambisana ne-EVM.

I-Ether (ETH) neGesi

E-Ethereum ukusebenza ngakunye noma umsebenzi owenziwa inethiwekhi unezindleko ezihlolwe yinethiwekhi eyaziwa njenge umkhawulo wegesi.

Ukuze wenze inkontileka ehlakaniphile, isibonelo, abathuthukisi badinga ukukhokhela yonke imisebenzi evezwe kukhodi yabo.

Ukuthumela i-Ether kusuka kwesinye isikhwama kuya kwesinye kuhilela ezine amayunithi wegesi.

Lezi zingxenye zegesi zihlola ibhalansi yakho, idlulisela i-ETH ekhelini elitholayo, isusa i-ETH kusuka kubhalansi yakho futhi ifaka i-ETH kubamukeli.

So amayunithi wegesi bhekisa esilinganisweni esincane kakhulu somsebenzi esidingekayo ukuxazulula umsebenzi onikeziwe kepha ungabi nenani lemali.

Izindleko zikhokhwa ku-Ether. Gas yileyunithi ehumushela ku-Ether.

Njengoba i-Ethereum ingabala kuphela inani elilinganiselwe le- amayunithi wegesi nganoma isiphi isikhathi, abavukuzi bahlobo lokufumbathiswa ngabasebenzisi benethiwekhi ukusheshisa ukusakazwa kwesicelo esithunyelwa kwinethiwekhi.

Ukukhokha abavukuzi, izingxenyana ezincane ze-ETH okuthiwa iGwei zinamathiselwe kulowo nalowo iyunithi yegesi, ebeka Igesi Intengo.

Okufanele wonke umuntu akukhumbule ukuthi Igesi inani ukuthi ukhokha malini ngakunye iyunithi yegesi, Kanye umkhawulo wegesi ingabe ucela umsebenzi ongakanani kunethiwekhi.

Izinkontileka Ezihlakaniphile - Ziyini Futhi Zisebenza Kanjani?

Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zibhekisa kumakhodi ekhompyutha enza kube lula ukushintshaniswa kwenani noma ngabe yimali, impahla noma okuqukethwe.

Babizwa ngezivumelwano ngoba bahumusha imigomo yesivumelwano, futhi bahlakaniphile ngoba bazenzela bona ngokwabo uma izimbangela ezithile zihlangatsheziwe.

Umbono wezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile wawuseduze ngaphambi kokufika kweBitcoin noma i-Ethereum.

Ukubeka nje izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kufana nje nezinkontileka ezijwayelekile emhlabeni wangempela, lapho amaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu evumelana nemibandela ethile yohlelo futhi azibophezele ekunamatheleni kulo uma nje lisayiniwe.

Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi izinkontileka ze-Smart zidijithali ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isebenza ngeBlockchain efana ne-Ethereum Network, inkontileka ehlakaniphile isebenza njengekhodi yekhompyutha ezisebenzelayo ezisebenza yona uma nje kuhlangatshezwane nemibandela ethile.

Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezisuselwa eBlockchain azinakuguqulwa futhi zizosebenza njengoba zahlelwa kanye lapho kungasetshenziswa ukuvinjelwa, isikhathi sokuphumula, ukubuyisela emuva, noma ukuphazanyiswa komuntu wesithathu.

Amanye ama-blockchains asebenzisa izivumelwano ezihlakaniphile

Izinkontileka ezivumela i-Blockchains zithathwa ngabaningi njenge- “ukusebenzisana kwangempela, ”Yonke le nguquko yeBlockchain yaqhamuka nayo selokhu yaqala ukuvelela.

Kubekwe nguNick Szabo, iphayona le-blockchain, yena ngokwakhe:

“Izikhungo ezintsha nezindlela ezintsha zokwenza ubudlelwano obakha lezi zikhungo zibe semthethweni manje seziyenzeka ngenxa yenguquko yedijithali. Lezi zinkontileka ezintsha ngizibiza ngokuthi “zihlakaniphile” ngoba zisebenza kakhulu ukwedlula okhokho babo abangaphili abasekelwe emaphepheni. Akukho ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa okushiwo. Inkontileka ehlakaniphile iqoqo lezethembiso, ezichazwe ngendlela yedijithali, kufaka phakathi imigomo amaqembu enza ngayo kulezi zithembiso. ”

Sakha uhlu lwama-blockchains ayishumi, ngaphandle kwe-Ethereum, asekela uhlelo lwe-Smart Contract nokuthunyelwa.

• ICardano: iphrojekthi ebambe ukunakwa okuningi ngabezindaba, futhi lokho kusolakala ukuthi kuthuthukiswa ipulatifomu yenkontileka ehlakaniphile efuna ukuletha izici ezithuthuke kakhulu kunalabo abancintisana nabo.
• I-EOS: ipulatifomu ye-Smart Contract yokuthunyelwa kwesikali sezimboni ngemodeli ye-DAO, evame ukubizwa njengenye indlela eya e-Ethereum.
• I-NEM: Kubhalwe kuJava, ipulatifomu ye-NEM ngokusobala ingenye yezindlela ezilula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa ngoba alukho ulimi oluthile lokuhlela ipulatifomu oludingekayo ukufaka ikhodi nokuhambisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kuyo.
• Amagagasi: i-underdog yalolu hlu, kungumthombo ovulekile wesikhulumi senkontileka esigxile ekukhuleni nasekusheshiseni kwezindawo zokuhlala.
• Amanye amaphrojekthi we-blockchain athakazelisayo angadlala indima ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo sezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, yi Izindwangu zokuxhuma, Lisk, I-NEO, Qtum, I-Stellar Lumens, Futhi I-Tezos.

Amacala Wokusetshenziswa Kwe-Ethereum

Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile zenza i-Ethereum iguquguquke, iyinikeze amacala wokusetshenziswa komhlaba wangempela kune-Bitcoin eyandulelayo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kanye ne-dApp kugcina onjiniyela behehekile futhi abasebenzisi banentshisekelo kunethiwekhi.

Ngokuya nge-ConsenSys, ezinye izimboni nemikhakha lapho kutholakala khona amacala e-Ethereum angatholakala Faka:

•   Imisebenzi Yezamabhange Nezezimali:

Amabhange amakhulu ajwayele ukusebenzisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama- $ 200 ngonyaka ekuvikelekeni kwe-cyber. Uma amaseva ebhange elikhulu ebengehla, ubungabona ukuwa kohlelo lokukhokha lokukhokha ezweni.

Kodwa-ke, uma wonke amabhange angaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokukhokha esikhundleni senziwe nge-blockchain, bekungeke kube khona iphuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka.

Ngakho-ke, inethiwekhi yokukhokha yamabhange aphakathi ezweni ingagcinwa noma ngabe iziphakeli eziningi bezizokwehla.

Futhi, ngoba umbono oyisisekelo we-blockchains- ukudala i-ledger esatshalalisiwe, esesidlangalaleni nengaphenduki engelokothi kuphazanyiswe irekhodi lokuthengiselana ihlala ifana, idatha engemuva kwesikweletu somsebenzisi iba ethembekile kakhulu ezinkampanini zezezimali .

Izimboni ezihlobene nomshuwalense nazo zingasizakala kakhulu njengoba zingakhipha izinkokhelo kalula kumakhasimende azo.

•   Ama-Startups nama-ICO:

I-Ethereum inika amandla ama-startups ngokuwavumela ukuthi aqalise owawo ama-Initial Coin Offer (ICOs).

Lawa mathokheni, avame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa umthetho olandelwayo we-ERC20, asiza ama-startups ekukhuliseni izimali ezidingekayo ukuze kufezwe izinhloso zawo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi enye yezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu zokushintshana nezinkampani emhlabeni, uBinance, wasebenzisa imali etholwe ngokuthengiswa kwe-BNB, uhlamvu lwemali olulandela izindinganiso ze-ERC20.

Ngisho neTron, elinye lamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu we-blockchain emhlabeni aqale ngokunikezwa kwamathokheni we-ERC20.

•   Ubunikazi Bedijithali:

Njengoba ukwebiwa kwedatha nobungozi kuyisongo esinjalo, isisombululo se-smart contract siyilungele kahle le nkinga.

Besebenzisa imininingwane efihliwe ngemuva kwenkontileka ehlakaniphile enikezelwe, abasebenzisi abakwazanga kuphela ukuthatha ubunikazi babo be-digital kepha baqiniseke ukuthi abadaluli okungaphezulu kwalokho abanakho ukuhlanganyela ngokukhululekile.

Izinsizakalo ezifana uPort vumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baphinde balawule ubunikazi babo futhi babelane kuphela ngolwazi abalukhethayo kumadivayisi wabo weselula.

Imininingwane ingabiwa kuphela ekuqinisekisweni okuvela kumsebenzisi futhi imininingwane igcinwa ngokuphepha ku-Ethereum blockchain.

•   Supply Chain:

Isicelo esikhulu sezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ze-Ethereum sibukeka sizokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla lapho kungasiza khona abathengi nabaphakeli ngokulandela ngomkhondo okuthe xaxa.

Noma ngabe ufuna ukwazi ngokusha kwemikhiqizo noma ngemvelaphi yedayimane olithengele umshado wakho, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezisuselwa ku-blockchain zingasiza ukuletha lokhu. Uhlelo lokuthengiswa komhlaba okwamanje luphukile kepha alunakulungiswa.

Zisebenzisa inethiwekhi ebanzi yezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, izinkampani zingalandelela izinto zazo zokusetshenziswa nokuthuthwa kwempahla. Bangakwazi ukukala ngokunembile izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza, izinto ezihambisanayo nenqubo umkhiqizo ofinyelela ngayo kumthengi.

Umthengi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unikezwa imininingwane ethembekile efakazela khona manjalo ukuthi ngabe umkhiqizo ungusha, uyiqiniso, ukuhweba okulungile, okwenziwa endaweni nokuningi.

• Ezinye izimboni ezinkulu kanye nezicelo lapho i-Ethereum ingathola khona ukusetshenziswa okuningi kufaka phakathi Ukuthengisa izindlu, umthetho, Amafutha neGesi, Igridi Yamandla, Hulumende, futhi Izimali Zokuhweba Ngezimpahla nokuningi njengoba kushiwo yi-ConsenSys.

Ama-dApp adume kakhulu e-Ethereum

Nazi ezinye ama-dapp athandwa kakhulu asebenza ku-Ethereum blockchain:

•   Ama-CryptoKitties:

Ukukhathazeka kwe-inthanethi namakati akukho mingcele futhi lapho kwethulwa i-CryptoKitties, bekusobala ukuthi kuzoba nabadlali abangaphezu kwabambalwa abanentshisekelo.

Umdlalo uvumela abadlali ukuthi bathenge, bathengise, baqoqe futhi bazalele amakati edijithali. Ikati ngalinye lihlukile futhi linenani lalo.

Ama-CryptoKitties athole ukunakwa okubanzi okuvela kwabezindaba, umphakathi we-crypto kanye ne "engaqalisiwe”Abantu okungenzeka ukuthi abakaze bezwe ngama-cryptocurrensets kanye nama-blockchains ngaphambili lapho amakati kulo mdlalo aqala ukuthengisa izinkulungwane zamaRandi.

I-CryptoKitties ihlala ingenye yama-dApp athandwa kakhulu futhi kufanele inikezwe udumo ngokuguqula ububanzi be-DApps kusuka “umsebenzi"Ukuze"ukudlala”Ngenkathi ungeza inani ku-“ubunikazi bempahla edijithali. "

•   I-LocalEthereum:

Umzala wesizukulwane sesibili we-blockchain we-LocalBitcoins, i-LocalEthereum ixazulula inkinga eyodwa ye-BIG yabathengi- isusa abaphakathi kuhlelo lwe-crypto ecosystem.

Uthenga i-ETH phezu kwekhawunta usebenzisa izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile nezinsizakalo zokungena ezitholakala endaweni yesikhulumi.

I-Ethereum yomthengisi ikhiyiwe ngenkontileka ehlakaniphile futhi ikhishwa kuphela lapho bethola imali ye-fiat okuvunyelwene ngayo nomthengi.

I-IDEX exchange decentralized exchange ibhekwa ngabathile njengento enhle, ikakhulukazi njengoba ingenisa abasebenzisi be-Ethereum embonweni wokuyeka “ukushintshaniswa okuphakathi. "

Amanye ama-dApp athandwa kakhulu ku-Ethereum angukushintshaniswa okusatshalalisiwe- okusha, okusha futhi kususa isithiyo esikhulu emhlabeni wezimali zedijithali, okunikeza amandla amaningi kubasebenzisi.

Abamukeli bokuqala be-IDEX babengabaqageli, futhi ukushintshaniswa kunika amandla amathangi amaningi e-Ethereum ne-ERC20 ukuthi athengiswe futhi ashintshane.

Kodwa-ke, ama-cryptocurrensets athandwayo afana neXRP, Litecoin, Bitcoin neTron akwenzeki.

•   I-Ethlance:

Ukunikeza amanye amapulatifomu omsebenzi wokuzimela ukusebenzela imali yabo, i-Ethlance ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenze kuma-gig noma kumaphrojekthi abazithandayo ngaphandle kokukhokha imali eningi.

Lokhu kungabonisa ukuqala kokuphela kwabasebenza ngokuzimela lapho kufanele banikeze ngaphezulu kwama-20% omholo wabo kuzingxenyekazi ezimaphakathi ezinjenge-Upwork ku "Izimali”Futhi bahlukane ngamadola angaphezulu ukuze bathole imali ngohlobo lwemali lwabo lwasekhaya.

I-Ethlance, ipulatifomu yokuqasha ezizimele esezingeni eliphansi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzele izimali ezingama-zero. Okuwukuphela kwenkokhelo lapha igesi esetshenziswa ku-Ethereum.

• Isivumelwano Esingashintshi 

  Ingxenye yesicelo esisatshalaliswa kanye nengxenye yomthetho olandelwayo, Ukungahluki ihlinzeka ngokushiswa okuzenzakalelayo ku-Ethereum, kwamathokheni asuselwa ku-Ethereum - njengamathokheni e-ERC20 namanye ama-ERC721 angenayo i-fungibles. cap amathokheni lula futhi elula.

  Abasebenzisi bangahlanganisa ukungashintshi nezikhwama ze-Ethereum ezifana neMetaMask, exhumanisa ngokuzenzakalela amathokheni wabasebenzisi ne-Uniswap protocol futhi ivumela abahwebi ukuthi bashintshe kalula amathokheni abo abanye.

• I-AAVE 

  Enye yezinhlelo ezaziwa kakhulu zokubolekwa kwemali kwezezimali (Defi), I-AAVE uthathe umhlaba wezezimali we-crypto ngesiphepho. I-AAVE iyinqubo evulekile yemakethe yemali evulekile eyakha phezu kwe-Ethereum, evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baboleke izimpahla, futhi baboleke izimpahla zabo ukuze bathole inzalo engaguquki emuva.I-AVE, okusho ukuthi iGhost ngesiFinnish ukukhombisa ukubonakala kweprotocol, inemali engaphezulu kwama- $ 1.8 billion nayo ezimpahleni ezibandakanya i-DAI, i-USDC, i-TUSD, i-USDT, i-BUSD, i-ETH, i-BAT, i-LINK, i-REP, kanye nezinye izimpahla ezidumile.

  Abasebenzisi kungenzeka babe ne-'Depho APY ', okuyinzalo abazoyithola kuzimpahla zabo ezifakiwe naku-'V Variable APY' okuyinani elibuyiselwa kubaboleki kuphrothokholi yokubolekisa.

  Abasebenzisi abaningi basebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-AAVE ukuboleka izimpahla ngamathuba wokuhweba wesikhashana futhi basebenzise ukuguquka kwemakethe.

• Amanye ama-Ethereum dApps athandwayo afaka phakathi I-FCK, I-Kyber, ImfolokoDelta, I-Etheroll, futhi nokuningi.

Ubuhle nobubi be-dApps

Ubuhle - Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezisemqoka zezicelo ezisatshalaliswa:

1. Ukubekezelelana kwephutha - Amasistimu asebenzisa ukungasebenzi ukuze kususwe ingozi yokwehluleka ngengozi. Uma into eyodwa yehla inethiwekhi isasebenza, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zingasebenza nesikhathi sokuphumula esingu-zero.
2. Ukumelana nokuhlasela - Akukho phuzu elilodwa lokwehluleka, njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenza ku-blockchain. Lokhu kubenza bangathinteki ekuhlaselweni yi-denial-of-service (DDoS).
3. Ukuphazamisa nenkohlakalo ubufakazi - Izicelo zisebenza ngqo njengoba kuhlelwe kususwa amathuba okukhwabanisa, ukuvinjelwa noma ukuphazanyiswa komuntu wesithathu. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye noma iqembu ukuthi lizenzele inzuzo yalo ngokulimaza wonke umuntu.
4. Azikho izazi eziyizikhulu - Lokhu kususa imali ethokozisayo futhi kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzisane ngqo (peer-to-peer). Lokhu kungaholela ekubonakaleni okukhulu, ukwethembana nobumfihlo.
5. Umthombo ovulekile -  Iprotocol yomthombo ovulekile inika noma ngubani onentshisekelo ku-dApp ukuthi ahlanganyele ngokubambisana ekuthuthukisweni kwayo ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu.

Okubi - Nazi ezinye zezinto ezingezinhle zezicelo ezisatshalaliswa:

1. Speed - Okwamanje ama-dApp angahamba kancane ngokuthengiselana futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside.
2. Ukwehluka - Umkhawulo wokuthi kungaki ukuthengiselana okungacutshungulwa ngomzuzwana kungahle kube kuphansi kakhulu okunqanda ukukhubazeka kwe-dApp.
3. Izimali - Ngenkathi ngandlela thile 'uhlelo lokunxephezela' luyinzuzo, kusho nokuthi abasebenzisi kufanele bakhokhe njalo lapho besebenzisa i-dApp.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izixazululo nezinto ezintsha ezintsha zenzeka njalo ku-nascent dApp nezimboni ze-blockchain, ngakho-ke okwamanje 'okubi' kungahle kunqotshwe ngokuzayo.

I-DAO Hack

I-DAO bekuwumsebenzi obucacisa kakhulu lokho ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain obumele bona kusukela yaqala, kuzo zombili izindlela zebhizinisi nohlaka lokuphatha.

Yenziwe ngo-2016 ngamalungu avela emphakathini we-Ethereum, ikakhulukazi iqembu lonjiniyela beSlock.it.

I-DAO yakhulelwa njengendlela yokutshala izimali, engenakubalwa, eyinhlangano yamabhizinisi amakhulu ngemuva kokukhulisa ukuthengiswa kwemali eyisixuku okungaba ngu- Ether u- $ 150 wezigidi ngoMeyi 2016.

Ngeshwa, lapho izinto zazibheke umsebenzi, kwavela ukuthi kunephutha kwikhodi yalo yomthombo, futhi lelo phutha lagcina lithathiwe.

NgoJuni 17, 2016, abanye abahlaseli baxhaphaza izikhala kunkontileka ehlakaniphile ye-DAO futhi bakhipha imali engangezigidi ezingama-3.6 ze-ETH (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-70 ngaleso sikhathi) kwi-akhawunti ephethwe ngamahora ambalwa nje wokuhlaselwa.

Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlasela kutholakale ukuthi kwenzeke lapho izigebengu zibona ukuthi inkontileka ehlakaniphile yayifakwe ngephutha ukubheka ibhalansi yangaphakathi ngemuva kokuthumela izinhlamvu zemali hhayi enye indlela.

Abahlaseli (aba) baqhubeka ngokucela izimali kwinkontileka ehlakaniphile amahlandla amaningi ngaphambi kokuthi inkontileka ehlakaniphile ivuselele ibhalansi yayo.

Ukuqhekeka kukhombe ukuqala kokuphela kwe-DAO futhi kwaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude esikhaleni seBlockchain esisabonakala nanamuhla.

Ngaphandle kokukhipha i-DAO ithokheni lokushintshisana okukhulu ezinyangeni ezalandela ukugqekezwa, nokuqinisa kanzima uchungechunge olukhulu lwe-Ethereum, lesi sigameko sithathe iso lababheki abalawulayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi sagcizelela kakhulu isidingo sokubeka i-crypto sphere ngaphansi ukubhekisisa.

I-Ethereum Classic Fork

Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwe-DAO, umphakathi wase-Ethereum ubuthene futhi waphikisana ngezinyathelo ezifanele isisekelo okufanele sizithathe ukuze kubhekwane nesimo esibuhlungu lesi sigameko sokugenca esidale iphrojekthi.

Umphakathi wehlukana ngamaqembu amabili aphikisana ngokuyisisekelo.

Ngenkathi uhlangothi olulodwa luphakamisa imfoloko enzima yokuqukethe ukugqekeza, ukuyibuyisela emuva, bese uthumela imali eyebiwe ibuyele ezikhwameni zabo zangempela, olunye uhlangothi lwaphikisana kakhulu nalesi sinyathelo esicela izizathu zemibono, siphikisana nokuthi kunqoba ikhodi futhi sithembela inkontileka ehlakaniphile ngaphansi zonke izimo, ifilosofi ngemuva kweBlockchain, futhi ukwehluleka ukuzibophezela kuyo, kungavula umnyango wezenzo ezifanayo ngokuzayo.

Ukuvota kwenzeka ngoJulayi 2016 futhi isinqumo sokusebenzisa imfoloko enzima kwikhodi ye-Ethereum nokuhambisa i-Ether eyebiwe sayisa enkontileka entsha ehlakaniphile kwavunyelwa iningi lomphakathi kubandakanya nabasunguli uGavin Woods noVitalik Buterin.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka imfoloko enzima kwiBlockchain enkulu ekuphakameni kwe-1,920,000, ngaphambi nje kokuba kwenzeke isigameko sokugenca.

Ihlumela lagcina igama elithi Ethereum laqamba nophethiloli walo u-Ether, ETH.

Kodwa-ke, elinye iqembu, nomaikhodi ingumthetho”Abameli, banqume ukunamathela ochungechungeni lokuqala, olwaziwa nge-Ethereum Classic.

I-Ethereum Mining

Ubuwazi ukuthi i-Google CEO Indodana kaSundar Photosi eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala i-Ethereum? U-Photosi uthi lo osemncane, uyaqonda okuningi nge-cryptocurrency futhi umqondisile kwesinye isikhathi.

Ngabe wazi okuningi nge-Ethereum yezimayini njengendodana ka Photayi?

Uma kungenjalo, ungakhathazeki njengoba sinalo lonke ulwazi oludingayo lapha ukukhulisa ulwazi lwakho ngale ndaba.

Kafushane, izimayini ze-Ethereum ziyefana nezimayini zeBitcoin.

Umqondo wezimayini, okungukuthi, ukunikeza imivuzo ku “abavukuzi”Abakha amabhulokhi amasha kunethiwekhi ngendlela ye-cryptocurrency yomdabu ye-blockchain, kuyafana.

Kodwa-ke, i-Ethereum blockchain iyashesha ukwedlula eyeBitcoin, okusho ukuthi amabhlogo enziwa ngesilinganiso esisheshayo.

Ku-Bitcoin Network, ibhulokhi entsha idalwa njalo ngemizuzu eyi-10 ngenkathi u-Ethereum ethola okufanayo kumasekhondi ayi-15.

Abavukuzi kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum bathola amathokheni we-ETH kanye nawo wonke ugesi oqukethwe ngaphakathi kwebhulokhi yabo (igesi inguwoyela wayo yonke imisebenzi ye-Ethereum ekhombisa ukuthi yimali yokwenza amakhodi kanye nemali yokuthengiselana ku-blockchain).

Ungayimayini i-Ethereum Ne-ASIC?

Yebo, okwamanje kungenzeka ukumba i-Ethereum ne-ASIC.

Kodwa-ke, umhlangano we-Ethereum Core Development muva nje uphakamise phambili isiphakamiso esibizwa ngokuthi 'I-ProgPoWlokho kuzokwenza i-Ethereum ASIC imelane.

Mangaki ama-Ethereum Node akhona?

Ngokuvumelana ne Ethernode.org, i-Etnetum mainnet ibamba cishe ama-8,752 node okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo siyashintsha nsuku zonke.

Kulawa, iningi lama-node lisuselwa e-USA ngenkathi iChina, iCanada, iJalimane, i-UK, iRussia, kanye neminye imikhondo isemuva kakhulu.

Ingabe Lawa maNodi Agcwele?

A i-node ephelele yinoma iyiphi ikhompyutha ephoqelela yonke imithetho yokuvumelana kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum futhi exhunywe kuyo.

I-node ephelele kufanele ilandwe yonke i-Ethereum blockchain kukhompyutha yayo.

Ngokwencazelo, bonke abavukuzi kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum kufanele babe yizindawo ezigcwele. Kodwa-ke, wonke ama-node agcwele awadingi ukukhipha imali.

Ama-node anemisebenzi embalwa ebalulekile.

1. Kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bonke abavukuzi banikezwa imivuzo efanele yebhlokhi.
2. Kumele baqinisekise ukuthi konke okwenziwayo kunamasiginesha afanele.
3. Kufanele babheke ukuthi wonke amabhulokhi nokuthengiselana kukufomethi yedatha efanele.
4. Kumele baqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukusetshenziswa kwemali kabili emabhulokini.

Ngingayisebenzisa Kanjani i-Ether (ETH)?

I-Ether ingenye yezinhlamvu zemali eziguquguqukayo kakhulu ezitholakala esikhaleni se-cryptocurrency namuhla.

Njenge-cryptocurrency yesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni, u-Ether unabanikazi abaningi.

Ngokwakamuva kakhulu Idatha yeCoinMarketCap, I-Ether inenani elingaphezu kwama- $ 15 billion ngezigidi zemali ezingama-104 ezisakazwayo njengamanje.

Nazi izindlela ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-ETH:

•   Ngokwenza ukuthengiselana:

I-Ether ingasetshenziswa njengenye indlela yokusebenzisa amakhadi wesikweletu nokudluliswa kocingo. Kodwa-ke, ukwenza ukuthengiselana no-Ether bobabili umthumeli nomamukeli kumele babe nesethi ye-Ether. Ngokukhokhwa kwemingcele, u-Ether angasebenza ukuthi ashibhe futhi asheshe kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko.

•   Ngokuthenga amathokheni we-ICO:

Lapho ubamba iqhaza ekuthengisweni kwamathokheni, i-Ethereum imvamisa iba yi-cryptocurrency ethandwayo yokukhetha. Njengoba inani elikhulu le-Initial Coin Offer linikezwa kusetshenziswa i-Ethereum blockchain, kusho ukuthi ukuthenga amathokheni kulawa maphrojekthi usebenzisa i-ETH kuba lula.

•   Ngokuthenga emhlabeni wangempela:

Iziqalo eziningana ze-cryptocurrency zifuna ukwamukelwa kwezimali zedijithali nokusiza ekufakweni kwemishini ye-PoS nezinye izindlela ezivumela ukuthenga kusetshenziswa i-ETH.

•   Ngokwenza ukuthenga kwedijithali:

Amawebhusayithi amaningi manje amukela ukukhokhelwa ku-Ether, futhi ama-dApp akho nawo angamukela izinkokhelo ze-ETH, okukuvumela ukuthi uthenge noma yini kusuka ezimpilweni ezingeziwe kumageyimu kuya ekubhalisweni kukamagazini.

•   Ukuhweba / ukutshala imali:

I-Ether ingenye yezinto ezitholakala kakhulu ukuhweba ngazimbili zezimali zedijithali ezisetshenziselwa ukushintshana emhlabeni jikelele. Ungathenga i-Ether futhi uyibambe njengokutshala imali noma uyishintshe ngqo ngamanye ama-cryptocurrensets.

Ngingayigcina Kanjani i-Ether (ETH)?

Lapho usuthengile u-Ether, uzodinga isikhwama se-Ethereum ukuze usigcine ngokuphepha.

Unenketho yokusebenzisa izikhwama ezishisayo, izikhwama ezibandayo, izikhwama zehadiwe, izikhwama zamaphepha, ideskithophu noma izikhwama zeselula. Kukhona eyodwa yazo zonke izingxenyekazi; ezinye izinketho zizolungela kangcono ngokuqhathanisa nezinye.

Ake sibheke inketho ngayinye:

•   Izikhwama ezishisayo- izikhwama zokushintshanisa:

Cishe uzothenga i-ETH ngokushintshaniswa okufana ne-Coinbase noma i-Binance. Lezi zingxoxo zizokunikeza isikhwama semali lapho ungagcina khona i-ETH yakho.

Shintsha izikhwama ezishisayo kulula ukuzisebenzisa, zilula kakhulu futhi imvamisa kulula ukukhipha imali oyibambile ngoba izinhlamvu zemali zakho zingatholakala kuwebhusayithi yokushintshisana.

Ngakho-ke, ama-wallet exchange angatholakala kalula kusuka kumadivayisi amaningi inqobo nje uma unokuxhumeka kwi-inthanethi.

Inkinga ngalezi zikhwama zemali ukuthi zingaba sengozini yokwebiwa kakhulu kunezinye kuya ngokuvikeleka kokushintshaniswa ne-akhawunti yakho.

Uma uhweba njalo, khona-ke lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu.

•   Ama-wallet abandayo- izikhwama zehadiwe:

Izikhwama ze-Hardware zinganikeza abasebenzisi bazo ukuphepha okuqinile ngokweqile lapho zisetshenziswe kahle.

Imvamisa kungamadivayisi e-USB, futhi umhlinzeki ohola phambili emakethe wama-wallet we-hardware njengamanje yiLedger.

Ungagcina ukubamba kwakho kwe-Ether esikhwameni sehadiwe inqobo nje uma ufisa futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ngeke kufinyelelwe ngumgengeli.

Vele uqiniseke ukuthi awulahlekelwa yidivayisi noma utshele omunye umuntu amaphasiwedi akho.

•   Wallets- iphepha wallets:

Ama-wallet wephepha abhekwa njengeyona ndlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokugcina i-Ether yakho ngokuphepha kude ne-malware kanye nabahlaseli be-cyber.

Ngesikhwama sephepha, uprinta okhiye bakho abangasese, namakheli e-Ether bese uwagcina endaweni ephephile.

Kodwa-ke, kwabaningi, lokhu kungabonakala njengokuphazamiseka okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa isikhwama semali sokushintshanisa ngokwesibonelo.

Futhi, njengama-wallet e-hardware, kubalulekile ukugcina isikhwama sakho sephepha kwenye indawo siphephile futhi ungalokothi wabelane ngolwazi nanoma ngubani omunye umuntu.

•   Izikhwama zedeskithophu nezamaselula:

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ama-desktops nezikhwama zeselula zingahlukaniswa ngokususelwa kumadivayisi lapho zisetshenziswa khona.

Izikhwama zedeskithophu zingasebenza kakhulu, kuyilapho izikhwama zamaselula zihlinzeka ngokulula kakhulu.

Izikhwama zeselula neze-desktop ngokuvamile zingasetshenziswa kuphela kudivayisi lapho zifakwe khona. Ngakho-ke, uma ulahlekelwa yidivayisi, lokhu kuzobeka izimali zakho engcupheni.

Ezinye izikhwama zeselula / zedeskithophu zizokwakhelwa ngqo ukugcina amathokheni e-Ether ne-ERC20, kanti amanye azokuvumela ukuthi ubambe uhla olubanzi lwama-cryptocurrensets ndawonye.

Iyiphi i-Ethereum Wallet Engcono Kakhulu?

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinketho zesikhwama ngaphandle lapho, kucela umbuzo, yikuphi okuhle kakhulu?

Yebo, ukusiza ukuphendula lowo mbuzo, nazi ezinye zezintandokazi zethu ezikhethiwe:

•   Isikhwama sehadiwe - uLedger Nano S

ILedger Nano S icindezela kokubili ukuphepha okuthuthukile nokusebenziseka kalula kwephakeji elilodwa.

Umhlahlandlela wethu wokugcina ama-cryptocurrensets ngokuphepha kuLedger Nano S ungaba njalo utholwe lapha.

•   Isikhwama sedeskithophu - MetaMask

Lesi sikhwama esilula, esisebenza kalula futhi esisebenziseka kalula esikuvumela ukuthi uxhume ku-Ethereum nakwinqwaba yama-dApp aphethwe ku-blockchain khona manjalo.

IMetaMask iyisikhwama esithandwa kakhulu esithole nokuxhaswa nokuxhaswa ngabakwaConsenSys nase-Ethereum.

Izinhlobo zomgunyathi zalesi sikhwama zikhona lapho qiniseka ukulanda inguqulo esemthethweni.

•   Basic Wallet - Mist Wallet

Uma ungafuni lutho ngaphandle kwezisekelo ezingenalutho, khona-ke iMist Wallet iyisinqumo esifanele kuwe.

Yenziwe yi-Ethereum Foundation ye-no-frills, isipiliyoni esingaphazamisi futhi ibhalwe njengesikhwama esiyisisekelo kunazo zonke esitholakala ku-ethereum.org.

•   Isikhwama Semali Ephathelene Nemali Eningi - U-Eksodusi

Uma ubamba ama-cryptocurrensets amaningi futhi ufuna isikhwama esiklanywe kahle esisusa isidingo sezikhwama eziningi ze-crypto, i-Eksodusi ingaba yisinqumo esihle.

IEksodus idume kakhulu kubasebenzisi be-crypto nezinye izinto ezipholile, kufaka phakathi isici sephothifoliyo lapho ungalandelela khona ukubamba kwakho.

•   Isikhwama Sewebhu - MyEtherWallet

I-MyEtherWallet ingenye yezikhwama ze-Ether ezaziwa kakhulu laphaya.

Njengesikhwama sewebhu, sikuvumela ukuthi ungene ngemvume kusuka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi, okuletha izingozi ezithile zokuphepha.

Kodwa-ke, lezi zingcuphe zingancishiswa uma zihambisana nesikhwama sehadiwe njengeLedger Nano S.

•   Iselula Wallet - Trust Wallet

I-Trust Wallet manje isikhwama semali esisemthethweni seBinance, futhi uhlelo lokusebenza luyatholakala ukulanda kuwo womabili amadivayisi we-iOS ne-Android.

Ixhasa amathokheni we-Ether nawo wonke ama-Ethereum enethiwekhi njengamathokheni we-ERC20, kanye namanye ama-cryptocurrensets amaningi aholayo njengeDash, Tron, Litecoin, Bitcoin, nokuningi.

Ngingayithenga kuphi noma ngiyithengise kuphi i-Ethereum?

Ukuhwebelana nge-idijithali yemali kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukuthenga noma ukuthengisa i-Ethereum.

Ukuhwebelana nge-idijithali yemali kungabekwa endaweni eyodwa noma kusabalalisiwe.

Ukuhwebelana kwezimali ezintathu ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yilawa:

1. Binance
2. I-OKeX
3. Huobi

Okunye ukushintshana okuvelele kufaka phakathi:

• Coinbase
• Bitfinex
• Upbit
• Kraken
• I-Digifinex

I-Ether iyatholakala ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, nokuhweba kukho konke lokhu kushintshana. Njengoba i-Ether iyimali ehamba phambili yedijithali, iyatholakala ekushintshaneni okuningi kwe-idijithali yemali.

Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhokha zokuthenga i-Ether ekushintshaneni zifaka phakathi ikhadi lesikweletu / lasebhange, ngezimali ze-fiat, nangama-cryptocurrensets noma ama-solidcoins. Izimali ezikhokhiswa ngokushintshana okuhlukile zizohluka futhi kuzoncika endleleni yokukhokha.

Ezinye izinketho zifaka phakathi Ama-ATM we-cryptocurrency lapho ungathenga khona u-Ether ngemali, ukuhweba nge-Ether peer-to-peer on I-LocalEthereum, futhi kusetshenziswa ukuhwebelana okuguqukayo njenge Changelly futhi Shapeshift ukushintshanisa i-fiat-to-ether noma i-crypto-to-ether ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-Coinbase Iphephile?

Coinbase kuyinto ukushintshaniswa okuholela futhi okudumile kwe-idijithali yemali okuse-US. Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwe-18% ye- ivolumu yesikhulumi ivela ekuhwebeni kwe-ETH / USD.

Kubantu abasebenzisa izinsizakalo zokushintshisana, iCoinbase inikeza isikhwama semali esishisayo esingasetshenziswa ukugcina izimali.

UCoinbase ubambelela 98% wezimali zomsebenzisi wayo ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi futhi uthatha ezinye izindlela zokuphepha, ezivimbela ukweba kanye nama-hacks ekulimaleni ukubanjwa komsebenzisi.

Noma yiziphi izimali ezigcinwe ku-inthanethi yiCoinbase zimbozwe ngu umshuwalense.

ICoinbase futhi inika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kubasebenzisi, iphinde ibavikele ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kwama-akhawunti.

ICoinbase ibuye isebenzise uhlelo lwe-bug bounty nomphakathi osebenzayo wabaphenyi bezokuphepha abasiza ukugcina ipulatifomu iphephile.

Akukho okuncane, abanye abasebenzisi basengafuna ukulawula ngokugcwele ukuphepha kwabo kunokuba bathembele ekushintshaneni. Uma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa enye yezindlela eziphephile ezibalulwe ngenhla njengesikhwama sehadiwe noma isikhwama sephepha kungaba yindlela enhle.

Ibaluleke Kangakanani i-Ethereum?

Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 21, 2019, intengo ye-Ether okwamanje imi ku- $ 143 ngemali yemakethe eyi- $ 15.2 billion.

NgoNovemba nangoDisemba 2015, u-Ether wathengisa ngaphansi kwamaki ka- $ 1.

Kodwa-ke, ngemuva konyaka, phakathi kuka-Okthoba noDisemba 2016, intengo ka-Ether yayisondela ku- $ 10.

NgoJuni 2017, amanani anyuke afinyelela ku- $ 377.56 ngemali yemakethe efinyelela ngaphezulu kwama- $ 34 billion.

ngoJanuwari 13, 2018, intengo ka-Ether yafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu ngaso sonke isikhathi esiseduze ne- $ 1,400, ngemali eyinhloko yemakethe ye- $ 133 billion.

Kusukela lapho, u-Ethereum ubonile inani elikhulu lokuthengisa nokuwa kwamanani emakethe yebhere engashintshi.

Kodwa-ke, njengazo zonke izimakethe, kukhona umjikelezo we-boom and bust, futhi manje wonke umuntu ulinde imakethe entsha yezinkunzi, ngethemba lokuthi ngelinye ilanga u-Ether angaphinde abe phezulu ngokuphelele.

Izibikezelo Zamanani E-Ethereum Kusuka Kumagama Amakhulu

U-Ethereum udonse ukunakekela kwabaningi abathanda i-crypto kanye nobuntu obuvelele obuvela emkhakheni wezezimali wendabuko. Abanye futhi benze izibikezelo mayelana nentengo ka-Ethereum. Ake sibheke ukuthi bathini.

UJeff Reed ubheka i-Ethereum ebaluleke kakhulu kuneBitcoin:

Umbhali we-Crypto uJeff Reed ukholelwa ukuthi iBitcoin ne-Ethereum banokuncane endleleni yabo yokuvimba ukuba babe ezinye izinhlelo zemali. Uthe:

“Ungathengisa noma yini usebenzisa i-Ethereum, kepha lokhu akuwona amandla ka-Ethereum uma uqhathanisa namanye ama-cryptocurrensets - angakwenza konke lokhu. Kunalokho ulimi lwekhompyutha oluvumela ukuthi kube khona izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezenza i-Ethereum ibaluleke ngaphezu kwe-BTC (ngombono wami). ”

USteven Nerayoff wabikezela u- $ 3,000:

Umdidiyeli we-Ethereum, uSteven Nerayoff uqaphele ukuthi izigidigidi zamaRandi bezithelwa ku-Ethereum ecosystem ngoJan 2018, ngama-ICO. Ubefakazela umaki wamanani ka- $ 3000 ku-Ether ngasekupheleni kuka-2018, kodwa ngeshwa, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke.

UNigel Green unamathela ku- $ 2,500:

Umphathi we-deVere Group uNigel Green uphakamise ukuthi u-Ethereum angafika ku- $ 2500 ngasekupheleni kuka-2018, kulandelwe ukwanda okwengeziwe ngo-2019 nango-2020.

Uthe:

“Intengo ye-Ethereum kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke kakhulu kulo nyaka, futhi ingahle ifike ku- $ 2,500 ngasekupheleni kuka-2018 ngokunye ukwenyuka ngo-2019 nango-2020. Lokhu kunyuka okujwayelekile kuzokhuthazwa ngabashayeli bamapayipi abathathu. Okokuqala, amapulatifomu ayanda asebenzisa i-Ethereum njengendlela yokuhweba. Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ngu-Ethereum. Okwesithathu, ukwabiwa kwamafu ngamakhompiyutha. ”

Ngubani Umsunguli we-Ethereum?

Umqambi waseRussia-waseCanada I-Vitalik Buterin ungumsunguli we-Ethereum.

IZINDABA EZIPHUMA: Ngimemezela ukuthi mina, uVitalik Buterin, ngingumsunguli we-ethereum.

- muhimuik.eth (@VitalikButerin) Kwangathi 2, 2016

UVitalik wakhulelwa umqondo ka-Ethereum futhi wakhipha i- iphepha elimhlophe ngo-2013 ichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukwakheka kwayo nezizathu zayo.

UVitalik wayesevele enentshisekelo ngeBitcoin kanye ne-cryptocurrensets kusukela ngo-2011. Ubuye wasungula iwebhusayithi yezindaba ebizwa nge-'Bitcoin Magazine 'lapho ashicilela khona ama-athikili amaningi futhi ebandakanyeka nokugxilwe kubumfihlo Isikhwama esimnyama iphrojekthi.

Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uVitalik eza nomqondo we-blockchain eyodwa engahle ihlelwe kabusha ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kunokuba zenze i-blockchain entsha ngokuphelele.

NgoJanuwari 2014 uVitalik wamemezela ngokusemthethweni u-Ethereum eNgqungqutheleni YaseBitcoin yaseNyakatho Melika eMiami futhi waqala ukusebenza noDkt Gavin Wood aqhubeka nokuthola u-Ethereum ngokubambisana.

NgoJulayi 2014 basungule ukudayiswa komphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-42 kwamathokheni e-Ethereum aziwa ngokuthi yi-'Ether 'akhulisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama- $ 18, okwakungukuthengisa okuphumelelayo kunabo bonke abantu ngaleso sikhathi.

Ipulatifomu ye-Ethereum yaqala ukusebenza futhi yethulwa ngonyaka olandelayo June 30, 2015, evumela abathuthukisi ukuthi baqale ukudala nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ezisabalalisiwe.

Ithimba Elisungula

Ngaphandle kukaVitalik Buterin, abanye abantu babebandakanyekile ekwakheni nasekufezekiseni umqondo we-Ethereum.

Ovelele kakhulu phakathi kwabo udokotela UDkt Gavin Wood obhale i- “i-technical bible”Kubizwa u-Ethereum iphepha eliphuzi, echaza imininingwane ye-Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).

UDkt Joseph Lubin elinye igama elivelele kamuva elakha i-ConsenSys, isiqalo esiseBrooklyn esigxile ku-echerestem ye-Ethereum.

Ngenkathi iphrojekthi imenyezelwa esidlangalaleni ngo-2014, i- ithimba eliyinhloko kwakukhona I-Vitalik Buterin, UMihai Alisie, U-Anthony Di Lorio futhi UCharles Hoskinson.

Abahleli Bangayisebenzisa Kanjani i-Ethereum?

I-Ethereum i-blockchain eyodwa enolimi lwezinhlelo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Isebenza njengengxenyekazi lapho abahleli bezinhlelo bangakha, basebenzise futhi basebenzise izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene ze- izicelo ezihlukanisiwe.

Lokhu kuholele ekutheni u-Ethereum achazwe njenge-'The World Computer 'lapho njengamakhompyutha ajwayelekile ukusetshenziswa okungenzeka kuncike ngokwengxenye kubuciko babasebenzisi bayo.

Ukuze uqalise, abahleli bezinhlelo bangakwazi qala ukufunda okuningi ngemibono eyisisekelo ye-blockchains- ukwabiwa kwamandla nendawo kanye ne-cryptography.

Kufanele bazijwayeze ngesici esiyinhloko se-Ethereum blockchain, izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezinye izinto ezinjengeGAS, Ether (ETH), kanye ne-Ethereum Virtual Machine.

Abahleli bezinhlelo futhi bazodinga ukufunda iSolidity, ulimi lohlelo olusetshenziselwa i-Ethereum.

Kuyini ukuqina?

Isolidity ulimi lohlelo olusetshenziselwa ukudala izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ku-Ethereum.

Ngokuvumelana ne Umkhandlu weBlockchain, I-Solidity lulimi lwezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme, futhi i-syntax iyafana nolimi lokubhala lweJavaScript.

Ukuqina ekuqaleni kwahlongozwa nguGavin Wood ngo-Agasti 2014.

Yabe isakhiwa nguGavin Wood, u-Alex Beregszaszi, uChristian Reitwiessner, uYoichi Hirai, uLiana Husikyan, nabanye ababengabaxhasi be-Ethereum.

Yenzelwe ukunika amandla ukubhalwa kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile kumapulatifomu afana ne-Ethereum.

Kwabahleli abazi kahle iJavaScript noma i-C, iSolidity izobonakala iqhathaniswa isaga.

Ngenkathi iSolidity ilulimi olusha impela, kukhona ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenza kuyo, futhi kunemibhalo eyanele yokusiza onjiniyela abasha abafuna ukufunda izisekelo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Ethereum 2.0

U-Ethereum ulwe nezinkinga ezithile zokwehla okungaba yisithiyo ekwamukelweni okwandile kwepulatifomu ne-Ether.

U-Ethereum ufuna ukunqoba lezi zingqinamba nge-Ethereum 2.0, ebizwa nangokuthi yi-'Casper 'Upgrade. Ukuthuthuka ekuqaleni bekulindeleke ukuthi kufike ku-2019, yize kusenezithiyo eziningi zobuchwepheshe okufanele zinqotshwe.

Ngo-Agasti 2020, abathuthukisi be-Ethereum 2.0 baveze abaningana abakhishwe nge-testnet yaseMedalla, okwakuyi-testnet yokuqala engasetshenziswa amalungu omphakathi e-Ethereum 2.0. Udaba lokuqala belubamba iqhaza ukubamba iqhaza, obekuphansi impela - ikakhulukazi ngamakhasimende eNimbus naseLodestar ehluleka ukuqinisekisa amanye amabhulokhi futhi abangela igebe elingu-10% esitokisini esilindelekile - ngokubamba iqhaza okungama-57%. Le nombolo ibiphansi futhi ngoba abanye ababambiqhaza be-staking bebengaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ngenkathi inethiwekhi iba bukhoma.

Izofaka imiqondo efana ne-sharding okulindeleke ukuthi yenze i-blockchain isheshe futhi isebenze kahle. Sizobuye sihlole okuningi ngokusharding ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kule ndatshana. Uma ithuthukiswe ngempumelelo, i-Ethereum 2.0 izobe isiqala ohambweni lwayo oluya e-Ethereum 3.0 ezonikeza inethiwekhi ukuphepha ngamandla wamakhompyutha we-quantum.

Ukulinganisa kungabhekwa njengesithende se-Achilles senethiwekhi ye-Ethereum; nokho, mningi umsebenzi owenziwa ngemuva ukuzama ukunqoba lokhu.

Njengoba i-Ethereum akuyona nje i-blockchain eyodwa, futhi ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amaphrojekthi abo asuselwa ku-blockchain ku-Ethereum blockchain yasekuqaleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezulu kwe-1400 dApps isebenza ku-Ethereum njengamanje okusho ukuthi inethiwekhi isivele inenani elikhulu labasebenzisi futhi icubungula ukuthengiselana kwezigidi.

Inkinga iqala lapho inani lezinhlelo zokusebenza, amaphrojekthi, nabasebenzisi lenyuka laya ezingeni lapho ama-Ethereum blockchain node angakwazi ukuphatha inani elanda njalo lokuthengiselana.

Eqinisweni, lapho i- Umdlalo we-CryptoKitties kunethiwekhi ye-Ethereum waya egazini ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, inethiwekhi yagcwala futhi yabona ifayili le- 600% ukwanda kokuthengiselana okulindile. Lokhu kukhuphuka kuholele ekunciphiseni kwenethiwekhi nokubiza kwemali yokuthengiselana, ngakho-ke, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa / ukusebenza kwezicelo ze-Ethereum.

Izixazululo ezenziwayo njengamanje ukunqoba inkinga yokukala zifaka:

• Casper - Ukuthuthuka okuzobekwa ukuletha i-Ethereum 2.0 bese kuhanjiswa i-Ethereum ku-Proof-of-Stake protocol. Kulindeleke ukuthi kwenzeke ngo-2019.
• Kuthuka - Ihlukanisa yonke inethiwekhi ibe 'ama-shards' ahlukile. I-shard ngayinye ezimele nama-node ayo abelwe angacubungula ukuthengiselana okuthile, kunokuba yonke inethiwekhi icubungule ukuthengiselana ngakunye, ngakho-ke, kukhulisa ukungena.
• Serenity - Uhlelo olusha lwe-blockchain oluzoxhumeka ku-Ethereum. Inhloso kuzoba ukuhambisa zonke izicelo ezikhona ze-Ethereum lapha lapho zizobe zikhona "Uhlobo lwesigoqiwe lwaba inkontileka ku-shard eyodwa yohlelo olusha."

Ubufakazi besiteki vs. Ubufakazi Bomsebenzi

Ubufakazi besiteki (i-PoS) ne-Proof of Work (PoW) yizinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile zezindlela zokuvumelana ze-blockchain.

A indlela yokuvumelana isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa nokuqinisekisa imininingwane engezwa kwileja ye-blockchain. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphindwe kabili noma enye idatha engavumelekile engezwa ku-blockchain. Iphinde ivimbele amanethiwekhi ukuthi angalimali ngokusebenzisa imfoloko engapheli.

Kunobuhle nobubi kunqubo ngayinye yokuvumelana, kepha, bonke bahlose ukufeza inhloso efanayo. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwezinqubo zokuvumelana ngukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kokwenziwe kudluliselwa kanjani futhi kuklonyeliswe kanjani.

U-Ethereum njengamanje usebenzisa uhlelo lokuFakazela Umsebenzi, kepha ifayela le- Ukuthuthukiswa kweCasper kuzoqala ukushintshela kwe-Ethereum kusistimu ye-Proof of Stake. Uhlelo olusha luzoba nohlelo lokujeziswa olwenzelwe ukujezisa abalingisi abanonya.

Isimo Sezethameli Esihle ukuthi:

“Uhlelo lokuhlawuliswa lunenzuzo eyengeziwe yokunqanda ukuhlaselwa ngo-51%. Kuhlelo lwe-PoW, ukuhlaselwa okungama-51% kuyabiza kepha kuyaphindaphindwa uma nje kuqoqwe amandla anele. Nge-PoS, abahlaseli bafaka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa yisigxobo sabo uma ukuhlaselwa kwehluleka. Esimweni esinjalo, ukuphela kwendlela yokuqalisa kabusha ukuhlasela kungaba ukuthola i-Ether entsha. ”

ICasper, Sharding ne-Ethereum 2.0

Umgwaqo oya e-Ethereum 2.0 uqukethe ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe okubili, okuyiCasper neSharding, njengoba yakhelwe ukuletha izinzuzo zokwehla nezokuphepha e-Ethereum. Kungathatha iminyaka eminingana ukuthi zombili lezi zinto zisetshenziswe ngokuphelele futhi zakhe i-Ethereum 2.0.

Ngaphandle kwalokho uCasper noSharding bazohlanganiswa babe i-Ethereum 2.0, womabili ngamaphrojekthi ahlukile azoba nezigaba ezahlukahlukene kanye nokusebenza nesikhathi sokuphothula.

[okuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe]

Umthetho olandelwayo weCasper uwubufakazi bendlela yokuvumelana yesiteki eyakha ingxenye enkulu yomgwaqo we-Ethereum 2.0. NgoCasper, abaqinisekisi kuzodingeka babeke eceleni ingxenye ye-Ether yabo njengesigxobo.

Lapho amabhulokhi etholwa ngabaqinisekisi abacabanga ukuthi kufanele bangezwe ku-Ethereum blockchain (okuqinisekisiwe), bazobheja kuyo ku-Ether. Uma ibhlokhi linamathiselwe kuketanga lapho ama-validator aklonyeliswa ngokususelwa kusayizi wabo wokubheja.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla izobe inezindlela ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokujezisa abalingisi abanonya kule protocol ezizoqinisekisa ukuthi abakwazi ukudlala uhlelo nokuthi uhlelo luhlala lungethembekile. Ama-Validators enza kabi kuzosuswa izigxobo zawo.

Ukwehliswa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzohlukanisa inethiwekhi ibe ngama-shards ahlukile. I-shard ngayinye izokhethelwa ukucubungula ukuthengiselana okuthile, lapho ingazenzela yona yodwa.

Njengamanje, yonke inethiwekhi iyadingeka ukucubungula ukuthengiselana ngakunye, okungenzeka ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsizakusebenza zenethiwekhi. Kungakho ukuqaliswa kwe-sharding kungakhuphula kakhulu ukungena ku-Ethereum futhi kunike amandla ukukala okukhulu.

Nakhu ukuthi uVitalik Buterin uchaza kanjani ukushwabana:

“Cabanga ukuthi i-Ethereum ihlukaniswe yaba yizinkulungwane zeziqhingi. Isiqhingi ngasinye singazenzela okwaso. Isiqhingi ngasinye sinezici zaso ezihlukile, futhi wonke umuntu ungowakuleso siqhingi, okungukuthi, ama-akhawunti, angaxhumana nomunye nomunye futhi angazitika ngokukhululeka kuzo zonke izici zawo. Uma befuna ukuxhumana nezinye iziqhingi, kuzodingeka basebenzise uhlobo oluthile lomthetho olandelwayo. ”

Isiphetho

Umnikelo ka-Ethereum emhlabeni we-blockchain / crypto mkhulu kakhulu. U-Ethereum uvule amathuba amasha nge-blockchain ngokwethulwa kwezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, izicelo ezinikezwe amandla, kanye neminotho yamathokheni.

Akungabazeki ukuthi u-Ethereum usengumsebenzi oqhubekayo. Inezinkinga ezithile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nokukala kanye nezixazululo ezidingekayo ngeke zivele ngokushesha.

Ikusasa le-Ethereum lixhomeke ekutheni inethiwekhi yamukelwa kabanzi futhi ibe namandla kangakanani kanye nobuciko nethalente lonjiniyela abasebenzisa ipulatifomu. Ngempela i-Ethereum ibonakala iqonde ohlangothini olufanele, ithola ukunakwa yizinkampani eziningi ezinkulu nezikhungo.

I-Enterprise Ethereum Alliance njengamanje inamalungu angaphezu kwama-386 asekela abuye abuye nentuthuko ehlobene ne-Ethereum. Amalungu afaka abashayi abasindayo abanjengo-Intel, i-JPMorgan, iMicrosoft, i-BP, kanye noHulumeni waseNdiya.

Akekho ongabikezela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi u-Ethereum uzoba namuphi umthelela, njengawo-1990's akekho owayazi ukuthi i-intanethi izothinta umhlaba kangakanani. Kuseseyizinsuku zokuqala ze-Ethereum, kepha ngokuqinisekile inamandla okuba yipulatifomu yokuguqula.

Izinkomba nezinsizakusebenza:

• I-Coinsmart I-Bitcoin Engcono Kakhulu YaseYurophu kanye ne-Crypto Exchange.Chofoza lapha
• I-Platoblockchain. I-Web3 Metaverse Intelligence. Ulwazi Lukhulisiwe. Finyelela Lapha.
• Source: https://blokt.com/guides/what-is-ethereum-eth