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Ngokusho kwe-IEA, amandla okugcina amandla ebhethri adinga ukukhula ngesivinini esiphindwe kasithupha ukuze kufinyelelwe izinhloso zesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. I-EcoWatch, eyasungulwa ngo-2005 e-Ohio, iyinkundla yedijithali egxile ekwabelaneni ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu, okuqhutshwa isayensi okuhlobene nezihloko zemvelo, okuhlanganisa izinkinga, izizathu, nezisombululo ezingaba khona.
Ukuze kuzuzwe izinjongo zamandla ahlanzekile kanye ne-net-zero ngo-2030, ezasungulwa ku-COP28, i-International Energy Agency (IEA) igcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokwanda okuphawulekayo komthamo wokugcina amabhethri.
Lesi sikhungo siveze ukuthi kumele kunyuke ngokuphindwe kasithupha ukukhishwa kwamabhethri ukuze kufezwe izinhloso zesimo sezulu emhlabeni.
Ngokusho kwe-IEA, izindleko zamabhethri zehle kakhulu ngaphezu kwama-90% kule minyaka engu-15 edlule. Ngonyaka odlule, kube nokukhuphuka kwe-130% ekusetshenzisweni kwebhethri uma kuqhathaniswa no-2022, futhi umthamo webhethri emhlabeni wonke ukhule ngama-gigawatts (GW) angu-42. Ukwenyuka kwesitoreji samabhethri nakho kube neqhaza ekwenyukeni kokuthengiswa kwezimoto zikagesi, ezikhuphuke zisuka ezigidini ezi-3 ngo-2020 zaya cishe ezigidini eziyi-14 ngo-2023.
NgokukaMqondisi Omkhulu we-IEA, u-Fatih Birol, izimboni zikagesi nezokuthutha zibalulekile ekwehliseni ukungcola ngokushesha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemigomo ebekwe ku-COP28 futhi okungenzeka kukhawule ukufudumala komhlaba kube ngu-1.5 °C. Amabhethri azodlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yomibili le mikhakha, esiza ekwandiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezokuthutha ngogesi, kuyilapho ehlinzeka ngamandla athembekile nasimeme emabhizinisini nasemizini.
Ngokusho kweThe Guardian, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke ekugcinweni kwebhethri kufinyelele ku- $ 150 billion ngo-2023, nemali eningi ($ 115 billion) eyabelwe amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamabhethri e-EV kwenziwa e-China, e-US, naseYurophu. Ukwengeza, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekugcinweni kwebhethri kumagridi kagesi kukhuphuke ngokuphindwe kahlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Umbiko we-IEA mayelana namabhethri kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla avikelekile ukhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri embonini yamandla kukhule kakhulu, kwafinyelela cishe amahora angama-2,400 gigawatt ngo-2023. Lokhu kuphawula ukwanda okuphindwe kane uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa ngo-2020.
Noma izindleko zamabhethri zincipha futhi isidingo sawo sikhuphuka, kanye namandla awo okuwagcina, kuyadingeka ukuthi izindleko ziqhubeke zehla futhi nokwanda kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kunyuke izikhathi eziyisithupha ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka ukuze ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ukuze kukhuliswe ukusetshenziswa kwesitoreji sebhethri esikhulu, i-IEA iphakamisa ukwenza izinguquko zenqubomgomo ukuze kuqedwe izithiyo okwamanje ezivimbela ukugcinwa kwebhethri ekubambeni iqhaza ezimakethe zamandla. Ukwengeza, ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo zentela kungase kudingeke ukuze kuvinjelwe izimo zentela ephindwe kabili kumaphrojekthi wokulondoloza ibhethri.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenyusa amanani okusebenzisa kabusha ukuze kwehliswe ukuthembela ekukhipheni izinto zokusetshenziswa njenge-lithium ne-cobalt yamabhethri. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokugaywa kabusha kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri kuyodingeka ukuze kusungulwe uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluvikeleke kakhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
Ngokuka-Birol, ukubhanqa kwe-solar PV namabhethri manje kuncintisana ngokwezomnotho nezitshalo ezintsha zamalahle e-India. Ubuye waveza ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo, le nhlanganisela izobiza kakhulu kunezimboni ezintsha zamalahle eChina namandla aphehlwa ngegesi e-United States. U-Birol ugcizelele ukuthi amabhethri aguqula imboni yamandla.
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