Imvelaphi yokuphila eMhlabeni iseyindida, kodwa kancane kancane sidalula izinyathelo ezihilelekile kanye nezithako ezidingekayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphila kwavela esobho samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo nama-biomolecules eMhlabeni wokuqala, ekugcineni okuholela ezintweni eziphilayo zangempela.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kusolwa ukuthi ezinye zalezi zithako kungenzeka zilethwe zisuka emkhathini. Manje isifundo esisha, eshicilelwe ku Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezesayensi, ibonisa ukuthi iqembu elikhethekile lama-molecule, elaziwa ngokuthi ama-peptide, lingakheka kalula ngaphansi kwezimo zesikhala kunalawo atholakala eMhlabeni. Lokho kusho ukuthi bebengalethwa eMhlabeni wakuqala ngama-meteorite noma izinkanyezi ezinomsila—futhi leyo mpilo ingase ikwazi ukwakheka kwenye indawo, futhi.

Imisebenzi yokuphila isekelwa kumangqamuzana ethu (kanye nalawo azo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo) ngama-molecule amakhulu, ayinkimbinkimbi asekelwe kukhabhoni (organic) abizwa ngokuthi amaprotheni. Indlela yokwenza izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamaprotheni esiwadingayo ukuze sihlale siphila ifakwe ikhodi ku-DNA yethu, yona ngokwayo eyingqamuzana enkulu neyinkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo.

Nokho, lezi zinhlayiya eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlanganiswa ezinhlobonhlobo zamangqamuzana amancane nalula njengama-amino acid—lokho okuthiwa yizici zokuphila.

Ukuze sichaze imvelaphi yokuphila, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi lezi zakhiwo zokwakha zakha kanjani futhi kuphi nokuthi zihlangana ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ngokuzenzakalelayo zibe izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Okokugcina, kudingeka siqonde isinyathelo esibenza babe isimiso esilinganiselwe, esiziphindaphindayo—into ephilayo.

Lolu cwaningo lwakamuva lunikeza ukukhanya kokuthi amanye alawa mabhulokhi wokwakha ayengase akhe futhi ahlanganiswe kanjani nokuthi agcina enjani eMhlabeni.

Izinyathelo Eziya Ekuphileni

I-DNA yenziwe cishe Ama-amino acid angama-20 ahlukene. Njengezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, lezi zihlelwe ngesakhiwo se-DNA ye-double helix ngezinhlanganisela ezihlukene ukuze kubethele ikhodi yethu yofuzo.

Ama-peptide nawo ayinhlanganisela yama-amino acid esakhiweni esifana neketango. Peptides ingakhiwa kancane njengama-amino acid amabili, kodwa futhi isukela emakhulwini ama-amino acid.

Ukuqoqwa kwama-amino acid abe ama-peptide kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ngoba ama-peptide ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi efana nokuvuselela, noma ukuthuthukisa, ukusabela okubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphila. Futhi zingama-molecule emakhandidethi okungenzeka ukuthi aphinde ahlanganiswa abe yizinguqulo zangaphambili zolwelwesi, avale ama-molecule asebenzayo ezakhiweni ezifana neseli.

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwendima yawo engaba namandla emsuka wempilo, kwakungaqondile kangako ukuthi ama-peptide akhe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo eMhlabeni wokuqala. Eqinisweni, ososayensi ngemuva kocwaningo lwamanje babenakho eboniswe ngaphambilini ukuthi izimo ezibandayo zesikhala empeleni zivumela ukwakheka kwama-peptide.

Emafwini amincane kakhulu ama-molecule nezinhlayiya zothuli engxenyeni yesikhala ebizwa ngokuthi i-interstellar medium (bheka ngenhla), ama-athomu ekhabhoni eyodwa anganamathela ezindaweni zothuli kanye nama-molecule e-carbon monoxide nama-ammonia. Bona bese usabela ekwakhekeni ama-amino acid afana nama-molecule. Lapho ifu elinjalo liba liminyene futhi izinhlayiya zothuli nazo ziqala ukunamathelana, la ma-molecule angabuthana abe ama-peptide.

Ocwaningweni lwabo olusha, ososayensi babheka indawo eminyene yamadiski anothuli, lapho isimiso esisha sonozungezilanga esinenkanyezi namaplanethi siphuma ekugcineni. Lawa madiski akheka lapho amafu ewa ngokuzumayo ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi. Kule ndawo, ama-molecule amanzi avame kakhulu—akha iqhwa endaweni engaphezulu kwanoma yimaphi ama-agglomerate akhulayo ezinhlayiya ezingase zivimbele ukusabela okwakha ama-peptide.

Ngokulingisa ukusabela okungenzeka kwenzeke endaweni ephakathi kwezinkanyezi elabhorethri, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi, nakuba ukwakheka kwama-peptide kuncipha kancane, akuvinjelwa. Kunalokho, njengoba amatshe nothuli kuhlangana ukwakha imizimba emikhulu njengama-asteroids kanye nenkanyezi enomsila, le mizimba iyashisa futhi ivumele uketshezi ukuba lwakheke. Lokhu kukhulisa ukwakheka kwe-peptide kulolu ketshezi, futhi kukhona ukukhetha okungokwemvelo kokusabela okwengeziwe okuholela kuma-molecule ezinto eziphilayo ayinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu. Lezi zinqubo ngabe zenzeka ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.

Izakhi eziningi zokuphila njengama-amino acid, ama-lipids, noshukela ingakheka endaweni yemvelo. Eziningi ziye zatholwa kuma-meteorite.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukwakheka kwama-peptide kusebenza kahle kakhulu emkhathini kunaseMhlabeni, futhi ngenxa yokuthi anganqwabelana kuma-comets, umthelela wawo eMhlabeni wakuqala kungenzeka ulethe imithwalo ekhuphule izinyathelo eziya emsuka wempilo eMhlabeni.

Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini konke lokhu emathubeni ethu okuthola impilo yangaphandle? Nokho, izakhi zokwakha ukuphila zitholakala endaweni yonke. Ukuthi izimo kumele zicace kangakanani ukuze zikwazi ukuzihlanganisa zibe izinto eziphilayo kusewumbuzo ovulekile. Uma sesikwazi lokho, siyoba nombono omuhle wokuthi ukuphila kungase kusakazeke kangakanani, noma cha.

Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe kabusha The ingxoxo ngaphansi kwelayisense ye-Creative Commons. Funda i isihloko sokuqala.

Isikweletu sezithombe: Aldebaran S / Unsplash

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• Source: https://singularityhub.com/2024/04/23/the-crucial-building-blocks-of-life-on-earth-form-more-easily-in-outer-space/