Izimbobo ezimnyama zaziwa ngezinkambu zamandla adonsela phansi ezinonya. Noma yini ezulazula eduze kakhulu, ngisho nokukhanya, iyogwinywa. Kodwa kungase kube namanye amandla.

Ngo-2021, izazi zezinkanyezi zasebenzisa i-Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) ukwenza isithombe se-polarized umgodi omkhulu omnyama enkabeni yomthala i-M87. Isithombe sibonisa ukushwibeka okuhleliwe kwezizibuthe ezikulungela into ezungeza into. I-M87*, njengoba yaziwa kanjalo imbobo emnyama, inkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1,000 kunomgodi omnyama omaphakathi womthala wethu, i-Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) futhi idla okulingana namalanga ambalwa ngonyaka. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obulinganiselwe kanye nesifiso sokudla—u-Sgr A* ngokuyisisekelo uyazila ukudla okwamanje—ososayensi bazibuza ukuthi umgodi omnyama womthala wethu uzoba nezizibuthe ezinamandla yini.

Manje, siyazi.

Esithombeni sokuqala esihlukanisiwe sika-Sgr A*, esikhishwe kanye namaphepha amabili ashicilelwe namuhla (lapha futhi lapha), ososayensi be-EHT bathi imbobo emnyama inamasimu aqinile kazibuthe afana nalawo abonwa ku-M87*. Isithombe sibonisa i-whirlpool evuthayo (idiski yezinto ezibonakalayo ewela ku-Sgr A*) izungeza umsele (umthunzi wembobo emnyama) enemigqa kazibuthe elukwe yonke indawo.

Ngokuphambene nokukhanya okungenayo i-polarized, ukukhanya kwe-polarized kuqondiswe ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Njengepheya yezibuko zelanga zekhwalithi, izindawo ezinozibuthe ezisemkhathini nazo zihlukanisa ukukhanya. Lezi zithombe ezihlukanisiwe zezimbobo ezimbili ezimnyama ngakho-ke zidwebe izindawo zazo kazibuthe.

Futhi ngokumangalisayo, ziyefana.

“Ngesampula yezimbobo ezimbili ezimnyama—ezinoquqaba oluhluke kakhulu kanye nemithala yabasingathi ehluke kakhulu—kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi yini abavumelanayo nabangavumelani ngayo,” uMariafelicia De Laurentis, isekela lesayensi yephrojekthi ye-EHT kanye noprofesa eNyuvesi yaseNaples Federico II, kusho ekukhululweni kwezindaba. “Njengoba zombili zisikhomba ezindaweni ezinamandla kazibuthe, kusikisela ukuthi lokhu kungase kube isici esivamile futhi mhlawumbe esiyisisekelo salezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo.”

Ukwenza isithombe kwakungewona umsebenzi olula. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-M87*, i-disc yayo inkulu futhi ihamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa, ukucabanga kuka-Sgr A* kufana nokuzama ukuthwebula umntwana osemkhathini—into yayo ihlale inyakaza, ifinyelela cishe ijubane lokukhanya. Ososayensi kwadingeka basebenzise amathuluzi amasha ngaphezu kwalawo aveze isithombe esihlukanisiwe se-M87* futhi bengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi isithombe singenzeka.

Imisebenzi enjalo yobuchwepheshe ithatha amaqembu amakhulu ososayensi abahlelwe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amakhasi amathathu okuqala ephepha ngalinye elisha anikezelwe kubabhali nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-EHT ngokwayo isakaza umhlaba. Izazi zezinkanyezi zithunga izinto ezibonwa ngezibonakude eziyisishiyagalombili zibe isibonakude esingange-Earth esikwazi ukuxazulula izinto usayizi osobala wedonadi enyangeni njengoba kubhekwa ebusweni bomhlaba wethu.

Ithimba le-EHT lihlela ukwenza ukuqaphela okwengeziwe—umjikelezo olandelayo we-Sgr A* uqala ngenyanga ezayo—futhi lengeze izibonakude Emhlabeni nesikhala ukuze kwandiswe ikhwalithi nobubanzi bezithombe. Umbuzo owodwa obalulekile ukuthi ingabe u-Sgr A* unayo yini indiza yezinto ezibonakalayo ephuma ezigxotsheni zayo njengoba kwenza i-M87*. Ikhono lokwenza amafilimu embobo emnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuleli shumi leminyaka—okufanele libe umbukwane—lingaxazulula imfihlakalo.

"Silindele ukuthi izindawo ezinozibuthe eziqinile neziyalile ukuthi zixhunywe ngqo nokwethulwa kwamajethi njengoba sibonile ku-M87*," uSara Issaoun, umholi ohlangene wocwaningo kanye nozakwabo e-Harvard & Smithsonian's Center for Astrophysics, utshele Space.com. “Njengoba u-Sgr A*, ongenayo indiza ebonwayo, ebonakala enejiyomethri efana kakhulu, mhlawumbe kukhona nendiza ecashe ku-Sgr A* elinde ukubonwa, okungajabulisa kakhulu!”

Ukutholwa kwejethi, engezwe ezindaweni ezinamandla kazibuthe, kungasho ukuthi lezi zici zingase zijwayeleke izimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu kakhulu ku-spectrum. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezici zabo nokuziphatha kungasiza ososayensi bahlanganise isithombe esingcono sokuthi imithala, kuhlanganise ne-Milky Way, ziguquguquke ngaphezu kweminyaka kuhambisana nezimbobo ezimnyama ezinhliziyweni zabo.

Isikweletu sezithombe: Ukusebenzisana kwe-EHT

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• Source: https://singularityhub.com/2024/03/27/now-we-can-see-the-magnetic-maelstrom-around-our-galaxys-supermassive-black-hole/