Ama-Cryptocurrencies aklanyelwe ukuba angaziwa noma angaziwa, ngakho-ke kuba khona ukungezwani lapho izivumelwano ziphikisana neziphathimandla. 

E-United States, umkhakha we-blockchain kanye ne-cryptocurrency uhlangane nabalawuli ngesidingo sokuthobela imithetho ye-Know Your Customer (KYC) kanye ne-Anti-Money Laundering (AML), ngisho nangaphezu kokunamathela emibusweni yenswinyo yezomnotho. 

Muva nje, isikhulu esiphezulu se-US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) siphakamise enkulumweni ukuthi lokhu kufanele imboni iqinisekise ubunikazi bedijithali babasebenzisi bayo. I-CFTC ngokomlando ibinobungani nomkhakha we-crypto - okungenani uma iqhathaniswa namanye ama-ejensi ase-US njenge-Securities and Exchange Commission - ngakho imibono yayo ingase ifanele ukucatshangelwa.

Nokho, kungenzeka yini “ukuba zonke izinkampani ze-crypto ziziqhelelanise nezixube [zemali yedijithali] kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokungaziwa,” njengoba ukhomishana weCFTC uChristy Goldsmith Romero enxuse enkulumweni yango-April 25?

Kuthiwani ngokuhwebelana kwamazwe? U-Romero uthe amaqembu amaphakathi ayawagcina, futhi angenza i-KYC ne-AML uma efuna. Kodwa ingabe ukuphoqelela ukuthobela ingcuphe ukushayela ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezezimali (i-DeFi) phesheya?

"Impela, kungenzeka ukuthi izinkampani ziziqhelelanise nanoma yini eziyifunayo - isoftware yenza lokho esikutshele ukuthi ikwenze," uPreston Byrne, uzakwethu enkampanini yabameli uBrown Rudnick, utshele iCointelegraph, wengeza:

"Umbuzo wangempela ukuthi ngabe i-United States, njengenqubomgomo, ifuna ukunqamula izinkampani zayo ku-DeFi lapho ukukhula kwe-DeFi phesheya kwezilwandle kuqhuma."

Ukuthi izivumelwano ze-crypto kufanele zihambisane nemithetho ye-AML/KYC nezinye izici ze-US Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) kuncike ekutheni “zingabathumeli bemali” noma “amabhizinisi ezinsizakalo zemali” ngaphansi kwemithetho esebenzayo yezwe neyombuso, ngokusho kukaJohn Wagster. , ophethe ithimba lemboni yezobuchwepheshe enkampanini yabameli uFrost Brown Todd. Kodwa ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukulalela kungenye indaba. Wathi kuCointelegraph:

"Izivumelwano ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa ngokusobala zinamandla okusebenzisa ukuthobela i-AML/KYC, nakuba zisengcupheni yokulahlekelwa abaqaphi be-crypto abazosebenzisa kuphela imikhiqizo evumela ukufinyelela okungenamvume, okungaziwa."

Kuthiwani ngamaphrojekthi we-DeFi? “Izimiso eziyisisekelo zingasebenzisa ukuthobela i-BSA, kodwa izinyathelo zomuntu ngamunye kufanele zigunyazwe i-DAO yephrothokholi - noma enye indlela yokuphatha - futhi ingxenye ethile yokuqaliswa kungase kudingeke yenziwe amalungu omphakathi noma izinhlangano zesevisi ezigunyazwe yi-DAO," u-Wagster. kwengezwe.

Kodwa i-BSA akuyona ukuphela kwenselelo engase ibe khona kumafemu e-crypto afuna ukusungula ibhizinisi e-United States; kungase kungabi ngisho nakakhulu.

Zonke izinkampani kufanele zihambisane neHhovisi Lokulawulwa Kwempahla Yangaphandle (OFAC) "ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkundla zazo azisetshenziswa abantu abavela ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe," njengeNyakatho Korea ne-Iran, noma yizizwe eziqokwe ngokukhethekile, kusho uWagster. Kodwa-ke, "ezinye izici zokuthobela i-OFAC zingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa abantu besithathu njenge-Chainalysis, enikeza ukufinyelela ku-OFAC API yayo mahhala."

Umagazini: Ungawalawula kanjani ama-AI futhi ukhuthaze abantu nge-crypto

Ngo-Agasti 2022, i-OFAC yagunyaza inhlanganisela yemali yedijithali i-Tornado Cash, okuyi-ejensi. umsolwa yokukhwabanisela imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-$7 selokhu yasungulwa ngo-2019. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-$455 eyebiwe iqembu lokugebenga elixhaswe nguhulumeni waseNyakatho Korea. Izixube ezifana neTornado zisiza ukuthengiselana ngokungaziwa “ngokufiphaza umsuka wazo, indawo okuyiwa kuzo, namaphathi, ngaphandle komzamo wokunquma umsuka wazo,” ngokusho koMnyango Wezezimali wase-US. I-OFAC selokhu yavimbela amafemu kanye nabantu base-US ekwenzeni ibhizinisi nge-Tornado Cash.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhwebelana okuhlukaniselwe amandla nakho kungavala izixube uma bebeka izingqondo zabo kukho. "Lapho yonke ingxabano ye-Tornado Cash yenzeka, ukuhwebelana okumisiwe okufana ne-Aave ne-dYdX kuvimbe amakheli asebenzisana nabaxube," u-Justin Hartzman, oyi-CEO kanye nomsunguli we-cryptocurrency exchange exchange CoinSmart, etshela iCointelegraph. Njengoba uHartzman eqhubeka echaza:

“Yize abaxube bejwayele ukuvikela ubunikazi bomsebenzisi, kulula ukusho ukuthi imaphi amakheli ahlanganyele nalezi zivumelwano, ngenxa yokungafihli kwe-blockchain.”

Noma kunjalo, ngisho noma amafemu e-crypto angamelana nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokungaziwa, ingabe lokho kungaba yinzuzo? Mhlawumbe ukugcinwa kwezinhlamvu zemali zobumfihlo kanye ne-crypto engaziwa kubalulekile emhlabeni jikelele njengendlela ephikisana nokukhulisa ukubhekwa kukahulumeni.

"Impendulo yalo mbuzo isemehlweni okubukayo," kusho u-Byrne, wengeza ngokuthi ukufiseleka kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ubumfihlo kuwumbuzo wepolitiki. "Ngicabanga ukuthi iphuzu le-crypto ukwenza lobu buchwepheshe buvame kakhulu kangangokuthi buyeke ukuba umbuzo wezombusazwe ngoba ubukhona babo kufanele bucatshangwe."

Izinhlamvu zemali zobumfihlo nemithethonqubo ethi 'don't gel'

"Uma ufuna ukutholwa kwandile, imithetho izobaluleka," kusho uHartzman, wengeza ngokuthi "izinhlamvu zemali zobumfihlo nemithethonqubo ayisebenzi." Ngenkathi izinhlamvu zemali eziyimfihlo zokungabaza ziyahamba, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuzohlala "kunezimfihlo" kakhulu futhi kukhawulelwe, echaza. "I-Blockchain ayizange ingaziwa, futhi ngeke iqhubekele phambili ngokubona kwami."

U-Wagster kaFrost Brown Todd, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uvumile ukuthi kunokungahambelani okuyisisekelo okuseduze:

“Ubuchwepheshe bokungaziwa kanye nokuhambisana neBSA akuhlangani. Uma iphrothokholi idingeka ukuthi ihambisane ne-BSA, leyo phrothokholi ayikwazi ukuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafihle ubunikazi babo. ”

Izinqubomgomo ezifuna ukwamukelwa okuphezulu ngokuheha abatshalizimali bezikhungo "akunakwenzeka ukuthi zivikele ukusetshenziswa kwezixube ngoba abasebenzisi bazo bezikhungo ngeke bazibandakanye nenkundla esengozini yesenzo sikahulumeni sokuphoqelela," kuqhuba u-Wagster. Ngaleso sikhathi, ababolekisi be-DeFi abavumela abantu abangazisho amagama bazomane benze ibhizinisi ngaphandle kwendawo yase-US.

Ingabe 'izixube' zikufanele ukulondolozwa?

Ingabe ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi bedijithali, njengoba kucelwe ukhomishana we-CFTC, kungumthwalo onjalo ngempela kubasebenzisi be-crypto, futhi kuwufanele yini isikhathi somkhakha ukulwela “abaxube” njengeTornado Cash ne-Blender?

Ukungaziwa akuyona indaba yokuphila nokufa kweningi labasebenzisi be-crypto, ngokombono kaHartzman. "Iningi labantu lisebenzisa i-crypto ukwenza imali futhi lihwebe ngalezi zimpahla ezihluke kakhulu nezijabulisayo." Abazisebenzisi nezixube. "Ngingasho ukuthi iningi alazi nokuthi lisetshenziswa kanjani le mithetho." UBrown Rudnick's Byrne wanezela:

“I-Tornado Cash ne-Blender akufanelekile ukulondolozwa ngokombono wami, nakuba ngizwelana nezinkulumo […] zokuthi uMnyango Wezezimali cishe awunawo, noma okungenani akufanele ube namandla okugunyaza ubuchwepheshe obuthile.”

U-Wagster waphawula ukuthi izimfuneko ze-BSA ezifana ne-AML ne-KYC ziphoqelelwa Umgcinimafa wase-US nge-Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, “hhayi i-SEC noma i-CFTC.”

Amaphrothokholi amaningi e-crypto aphakathi nendawo cishe azokwamukela izidingo ze-AML/KYC/OFAC ngoba asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wezezimali ongokwesiko futhi “ngoba abaphathi bezimali bezikhungo bangase babe nomsebenzi wokwethembeka ukusebenzisa abahlinzeki abathobelayo.”

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izinqubomgomo ze-crypto-native DeFi zingase zifune ukugwema ukuhambisana ne-BSA, u-Wagster uthe, njengoba "ukuthobela kuphambene ne-ethos ye-crypto evuna ubumfihlo kanye nenkululeko yemali ngaphezu kwesifiso sikahulumeni sokuvimbela ukuxhashazwa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa kwamaphekula."

Izixube azihlale zisetshenziselwa izinhloso ezimbi, noma. Abantu abaphila ngaphansi kwemibuso yezombangazwe ecindezelayo bangase basebenzise lamathuluzi ukuze bavikele ingcebo nenkululeko yabo, kuphawula u-CoinSmart’s Hartzman, kodwa “iqiniso liwukuthi abagebengu basebenzisa kabi le mithetho ukuze bantshontshe imali ngokuphepha kubantu abasebenza kanzima.”

Imithetho yokuthobela imithetho ingahluka ngokubaluleka nayo. Ukuthobela i-KYC/AML kungase kube into eyodwa, kodwa ukugwema unswinyo kungokunye ngokungangabazeki. Njengoba i I-saga edabukisayo yonjiniyela we-Ethereum u-Virgil Griffith ebonisiwe, kuyindlela eqinisekile yokuletha ulaka lweziphathimandla zase-US.

Usuku 3. Sike sabheka ukuthi ingqungquthela ibanjelwe kuphi. Leli yilona kanye igumbi uVirgil Griffith akhuluma kulo nabaseNyakatho Korea. Thina, abafokazi abayisishiyagalombili, sasizohlala sizungeze lelo tafula eliyindilinga. Basibiza ngokuthi “ithimba.” 20/15 pic.twitter.com/T94mxrldKA

— Ethan Lou (@Ethan_Lou) October 27, 2021

"UMnyango wezeziMali usebenze ukuze udalule izingxenye ze-virtual currency ecosystem, njengeTornado Cash ne-Blender.io, ezisetshenziswa izigebengu zama-inthanethi ukuze zenze inzuzo etholakala ezenzweni zobugebengu obungekho emthethweni nobunye ubugebengu," limenyezelwe uMnyango Wezezimali ngo-Agasti 2022.

Nakuba uvuma ukuthi iningi lemisebenzi yemali yedijithali “iwumthetho,” umnyango uthe imali ye-crypto “ingase isetshenziselwe umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni, okuhlanganisa ukubalekela unswinyo ngokusebenzisa izixube, abashintshisananga bontanga, izimakethe ze-darknet, nokuhwebelana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhohliswa kwempahla, izinhlelo ze-ransomware, ukukhwabanisa, nobunye ubugebengu be-inthanethi.”

Nikeza abalawuli lokho abakufunayo?

Njengendaba yamasu, ingabe ingafanelana kangcono nomkhakha we-crypto ukunikeza abalawuli base-US lokho abakufunayo, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ID? Abathengi bebelokhu bekwenza iminyaka eminye imisebenzi efana nokuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange, futhi uma onjiniyela bengakuthandi, bangavele bamise isitolo ngaphandle kwendawo yase-US.

"Ekugcineni, abanye abahlinzeki be-DeFi cishe bazogcina besebenzisa izinqubo ze-AML/KYC, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudingekile noma cha, kokubili ukugwema ukucutshungulwa okungafunwa nguhulumeni nokuheha imali yesikhungo," kubikezela u-Wagster. "Abanye bazobambelela kulokho abakuthandayo ngoba yingakho bengene ku-crypto kwasekuqaleni."

UHartzman, ozinze eToronto, ucaphuna indlela yokulawula yaseCanada, leyo, ngokubona kwakhe, isebenze kahle. "Konke ukuhwebelana kufanele kubhalise ne-Ontario Securities Commission/Canadian Securities Administrators futhi kube nezinqubo zokulawula eziqinile kanye nokuhlolwa kwamabhuku."

Okwamuva: Ukwehliswa kwe-SEC ekufakweni kwe-crypto e-US kungakhuphula ukuhlukaniswa

Okudingekayo e-US, noma kunjalo, uhlaka lokulawula oluklanyelwe ngqo ama-cryptocurrencies, u-Hartzman waqhubeka:

"Kubukeka sengathi abalawuli baseMelika abakanqumi ukuthi imali ye-cryptocurrency iyizibambiso noma impahla noma enye into. [Isihlalo se-SEC] sikaGary Gensler ukuphahlazeka kwesitimela sokuzwa bafakazele kakhulu ukuthi laba balawuli bangemuva kwebhola eliyisishiyagalombili uma kukhulunywa ngemboni ye-crypto. "

U-Byrne uphinde waphakamisa ukuthi abalawuli base-US bangase bafike sekwephuzile kakhulu ephathini ukuze benze noma yini ephoqelelayo embuzweni wokungaziwa. "Yize ngiqonda ukuthi abalawuli baseMelika bafuna ukulawula, ngicabanga ukuthi iqiniso lezentengiselwano ngaphandle kwemingcele yethu lizoqala ukukhombisa imikhawulo esebenzayo emandleni abo maduze nje."

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• Source: https://cointelegraph.com/news/anonymous-crypto-appease-us-regulators-spur-adoption