Amangqamuzana e-polyatomic angawodwana abambeke ohlwini lwama-tweezers optical okokuqala ngqa. Abacwaningi e-US bakwazile ukulawula izimo ze-quantum ngazinye zama-athomu ama-athomu amathathu futhi inqubo ingathola izinhlelo zokusebenza kukhompyutha ye-quantum futhi iseshe i-physics ngale kwe-Standard Model.
Ukupholisa ama-molecule emazingeni okushisa aseduze noziro ophelele kuwumngcele othokozisayo ku-ultracold physics ngoba kunikeza iwindi lokuthi izinqubo zamakhemikhali ziqhutshwa kanjani i-quantum mechanics. Sekungamashumi eminyaka izazi zefiziksi zipholisa ama-athomu emazingeni okushisa abandayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-molecule ayinselele kakhulu ukupholisa ngoba angabamba amandla ngamadigri amaningi enkululeko (ukujikeleza nokudlidliza) - futhi ukupholisa i-molecule kudinga ukususa amandla kukho konke lokhu. Impumelelo enkulu ifinyelelwe ngama-athomu e-diatomic, kodwa inani lamadigri enkululeko likhula ngokukhuphuka nge-athomu ngayinye eyengeziwe, ngakho inqubekela phambili ngama-molecule amakhulu ilinganiselwe kakhulu.
Manje, John doyle, Nathaniel Vilas kanye nozakwabo eNyuvesi yase-Harvard bapholise ama-molecule e-triatomic ngamanye ezifundeni zawo zomhlaba we-quantum. I-molecule ngayinye iqukethe i-calcium, i-oxygen ne-athomu ye-hydrogen.
Ijiyomethri yomugqa
"Into eyinhloko esiyithandayo ngale molekyuli ukuthi, endaweni ephansi, ine-geometry eqondile," kuchaza u-Vilas, "kodwa inesimo esiphansi senjabulo esinejiyomethri egobile ... futhi lokho kukunikeza ukujikeleza okwengeziwe. izinga lenkululeko.”
Ngo-2022, iqembu elihlanganisa uVilas noDoyle i-laser ipholise ifu lala ma-molecule laba ngu-110 μK ogibeni lwe-magneto-optical. Nokho, akekho noyedwa owake wapholisa ama-molecule ngamanye aqukethe ama-athomu angaphezu kwamabili ezifundeni zawo zomhlaba we-quantum.
Emsebenzini omusha, u-Vilas nozakwabo balayishe ama-molecule wabo besuka ogibeni lwe-magneto-optical bawafaka ohlwini lwezicupho eziyisithupha ezisondelene ze-tweezer. Basebenzisa i-laser pulse ukuze bathuthukise amanye ama-molecule abe sesimweni sokujabula: “Ngenxa yokuthi le molecule ejabulile kukhona ingxenye enkulu enqamulayo ukuze ama-molecule ahlangane,” kusho uVilas, “Ngakho-ke kukhona ukuxhumana kwe-dipole-dipole phakathi komhlaba. isimo kanye nesimo esijabulile, esiholela ekushayisaneni kwe-inelastic futhi bayalahleka ogibeni. " Besebenzisa le ndlela, abacwaningi banciphisa inani lama-molecule cishe kuzo zonke izicupho ze-tweezer kwaba elilodwa.
Ngaphambi kokuthi baqhubeke nokuthwebula ama-molecule, abacwaningi bekufanele banqume ukuthi yibuphi ubude begagasi lokukhanya okufanele basebenzise i-tweezer ebonakalayo. Imfuneko emaphakathi ukuthi i-tweezer akumele ibangele isasasa elingahlosiwe libe yizimo ezimnyama. Lezi yizimo ze-quantum ze-molecule ezingabonakali ku-laser probe. Isakhiwo samandla se-molecule siyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi izifunda eziningi eziphakeme azizange zinikezwe noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwe-molecule, kodwa abacwaningi bathola ngokunamandla ukuthi ukukhanya ku-wavelength ye-784.5 nm kuholele ekulahlekelweni okuncane.
Ukuqoqwa kwabantu
Abacwaningi babe sebesebenzisa i-laser engu-609 nm ukushayela ukudluliselwa kusuka ekumisweni okuqondile kwe-molecule lapho ama-athomu amathathu asemgqeni, kuya kumodi yokudlidliza lapho umugqa ugoba khona. Ama-athomu ashiywe enhlanganisela yama-spin sublevel amathathu acishe acekeleke phansi. Ngokumpompa ama-molecule nge-laser engu-623 nm, ajabulisa ama-molecule endaweni okungenzeka ukuthi abola abuyele kwelinye lama-sublevels asekuqaleni noma kwelesine, izinga eliphansi lamandla aphansi elingazange limunce i-laser. Ngakho-ke, ngesasasa eliphindaphindiwe kanye nokubola, inani labantu liqoqwe ezingeni eliphansi eliphansi.
Ukupholisa nge-laser kwama-molecule e-polyatomic kuletha i-ultracold chemistry endaweni ebonakalayo
Ekugcineni, abacwaningi babonise ukuthi inkambu encane ye-radio-frequency magnetic ingashayela i-Rabi oscillations phakathi kwamazinga amabili wamandla ohlelo. Lokhu kungabaluleka kakhulu ocwaningweni lwangomuso lwe-quantum computing: “Ijiyomethri ayinamthelela kulo msebenzi wamanje…Sinalezi zicupho eziyisithupha futhi ngayinye iziphatha ngokuzimele ngokuphelele,” kusho u-Vilas. "Kodwa ungacabanga ngayinye njenge-qubit yamangqamuzana ezimele, ngakho-ke inhloso yethu kungaba ukuqala ukusebenzisa amasango kulawa ma-qubits." Kungase kwenzeke ngisho nokuhlanganisa ulwazi ngamadigri amaningi we-orthogonal enkululeko, ukudala "ama-qudits" aphatha ulwazi oluningi kunama-qubits.
Amanye amathuba ahlanganisa ukusesha kwe-physics entsha. “Ngenxa yokwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwala ma-molecule kunokuhlangana phakathi kwesakhiwo nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-physics entsha - kungaba izinto ezimnyama noma izinhlayiya ezinamandla angaphezu kwe-Standard Model, futhi ukuba zilawulwe ezingeni esinalo manje kuzokwenza izindlela ze-spectroscopic zibe ngendlela. ukuzwela kakhulu,” kusho uVilas.
“Kuwuhlobo oluthile lwengqopha-mlando kulo mkhakha ngoba ithi singakwazi ukulawula ngisho nama-molecule awodwa anama-athomu angaphezu kwamabili,” kusho. Lawrence Cheuk eNyuvesi yasePrinceton eNew Jersey; “Uma ungeza i-athomu yesithathu, uthola imodi yokugoba, futhi lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke emsebenzini ofanayo, iqembu le-Doyle alizange libonise nje ukuthi lingakwazi ukucupha futhi libone i-triatomics eyodwa: liphinde labonisa ukuthi lingakwazi ukulawula ngendlela ehambisanayo imodi yokugoba ngaphakathi kwalawa ma-triatomics. Umangele ukuthi ingabe ama-molecule amakhulu asengashintshwa yini, avule ucwaningo lwezici ezinjengokulunga.
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- Source: https://physicsworld.com/a/individual-polyatomic-molecules-are-trapped-in-optical-tweezer-arrays/
