Zibone ngeso lengqondo uhlanganyela ebudlelwaneni obuncike ekuthembekeni nenkampani yokutshala imali eyaziwa kakhulu ye-cryptocurrency enazo zonke izinsimbi namakhwela enkampani yokutshalwa kwezimali ephumelelayo. Banephothifoliyo yokuhweba ehlaba umxhwele, kanye nesithembiso sembuyiselo eningi yokutshalwa kwezimali ngokusebenzisa ibhothi yokuhweba eyinkimbinkimbi ye-cryptocurrency ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkokhelo ephezulu.
Kodwa okungaziwa kalula kubatshalizimali bayo ukuthi le nkampani ehlaba umxhwele iwumkhonyovu ophelele. Kusukela kuwebhusayithi yabo kuya ezikhangisweni zabo - lonke uhlaka lwemodeli yebhizinisi labo kuwuhlelo lwe-Ponzi okusolwa ukuthi luklanyelwe ukuqola imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka kubatshalizimali balo abaningi ngaphambi kokufaka isimangalo sokuthi i-arbitration bot ayisebenzi kahle ngenxa yesiphazamisi esikhiqize iphutha lekhompuyutha, okubangele ukuthi ithulule impahla yayo ngokungalungile, okuthiwa isakaza inzuzo ephezulu kunenzuzo yangempela. Sekukonke, lokhu kuzothathwa njengomkhonyovu wokuphuma.
"Isikimu se-crypto Ponzi sezigidigidi"
Lokhu kusobala ukuthi kunjalo mayelana ne-ArbiStar, inkampani yokutshala imali ye-crypto yaseSpain, okuthiwa webile cishe i-$ 1 bhiliyoni yemali yokutshala imali evela kumakhasimende angu-120,000, ngokusho kweTulip Research, inkampani yocwaningo lophenyo lokukhwabanisa egxile ekuhlaziyeni i-blockchain yemisebenzi yokukhwabanisa ngubani ichaza inkampani njengohlelo lwe-crypto Ponzi lwezigidigidi.
Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-bot kusolwa ukuthi ethintekile Abatshalizimali abangu-30,000 ababuyayo bavele banyamalala kwaba sengathi “balahlekelwe kakhulu.” Ngokusobala, lokhu kulahlekelwa bekuyingxenye yohlelo oluhlelwe kahle, njengokuthatha isandla esincane.
Inkampani yaze yasho ukuthi izokwenza vala ama-akhawunti bamaqembu athintekayo emzamweni wokumisa okunye ukulahlekelwa, bethi imali izobuyiselwa nebhalansi engemihle. Bangahamba baze bayeke ukuthola ukutshalwa kwezimali, banikeze inkohliso yokuthi i-ArbiStar izolandela izinketho zokulawula umonakalo ngomzamo wokusindisa amaklayenti abo amaningi athembekile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokusho kwe-ArbiStar, iphutha lekhompiyutha elibangelwe yi-bot kuthiwa udale imbobo ye-liquidity efinyelela ku-28% wesamba sezimali zabo. Nokho, abanye kakade usolwa Isikhulu se-ArbiStar uSanti Fuentes ngokusetshenziswa budedengu kwezimali zabo.
Kodwa kwenzekani ngempela kuyo yonke leyo mali? Ezinye zazo kuthiwa ithole indlela yayo kuwebhu emnyama, emakethe emnyama enedumela elibi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Hydra, imakethe emnyama yewebhu enkulu kunazo zonke e-Russia.
Kodwa indaba ayigcini lapho. Eqinisweni, lesi kumane kuyisiqalo.
Umlando onethunzi weSanti Fuentes
I-ArbiStar yinkampani yokutshala imali yokuhweba nge-cryptocurrency eseSpain futhi iholwa ngu Santi Fuentes. Le nkampani isebenzisa ukumaketha kwamazinga amaningi (MLM), okwaziwa nangokuthi ukumaketha kwenethiwekhi, ukumaketha kokudlulisela, nokuthengisa ngamaphiramidi.
Izinkampani eziningi ezihlonishwayo neziphumelelayo zakha imodeli yazo yebhizinisi ngokusebenzisa amasu e-MLM ukuze zifike lapho bekhona namuhla. UMary Kay futhi Avon amagama ambalwa nje afika engqondweni. Nokho, ezandleni ezingalungile le modeli ingasetshenziswa kabi, yingakho igama elidumile elithi “pyramid scheme.” Ngenxa yalesi sizathu kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenkampani esemthethweni kanye nezinhlelo zephiramidi ezinikeza ukubukeka kwesikhungo esihloniphekile.
Uma ukumaketha kokudluliselwa kuyindlela inkampani enweba ngayo ngomqondo ojwayelekile, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi i-ArbiStar ayithengisi imikhiqizo noma izinsiza ezithengiswayo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Abantu ababa inxusa lomkhiqizo we-ArbiStar bakwazi ukukhangisa kuphela ubulungu benxusa le-ArbiStar ngokwalo, yingakho, ukufaneleka kwegama elithi “ponzi” - uhlobo olusobala lwerakhethi yokutshala izimali olusebenzisa imali eqoqwe kumalungu amasha ukukhokhela ababambiqhaza abakhona.
Nakuba ukusebenzisa ipiramidi kungase kuphakamise amashiya ngalo mkhuba ongabazisayo, okuphakamisa ifulegi elibomvu ukuthi i-ArbiStar kubikwa ukuthi akanikezanga bufakazi yokubhalisa inkampani yayo ne-National Securities Market Commission, elawula izibambiso zaseSpain.
Njengoba kubikiwe, u-Fuentes akakabhalisanga nanoma iyiphi yalolo daba, okwenza umbuzo uthi, yini ngempela i-ArbiStar esebenza ngemva kwezigcawu uma u-Fuentes engafuni ukuthi inkampani itholwe ngaphansi kwemithetho yezokuphepha elawulayo?
Mayelana ne-bio yebhizinisi ka-Fuente kuwebhusayithi ye-ArbiStar, yena izimangalo ukuthi “ungomunye wabantu abanolwazi kakhulu emhlabeni wokumaketha kokudluliselwa. Uhole amaqembu ezinkulungwane zabantu ngempumelelo enkulu.”
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye zezinkampani uFuentes ayehlotshaniswa nazo esikhathini esidlule kuthiwa zazinedumela elingaphansi kunesincomekayo. Nokho, uFuentes uyakwenza ikheli lezi zimo kwesinye isigaba se-bio yakhe yebhizinisi, efundeka kanje:
“Uphinde wakwazi njengomholi weqembu ukubhuntsha kwezinye izinhlelo lapho izinkampani bezingekho obala ziqola amaqembu azo ezidayisayo. Ngalesi sizathu ungumuntu ofanele ukuhola i-ArbiStar 2.0.”
Isitatimende sikhomba ngokungaqondile ukuthi imodeli yebhizinisi yangaphambilini ayiphumelelanga.
Okunye okuthokozisayo ukukuveza ukuthi uFuentes wasuka ekuthengiseni ikhofi lokwelapha waze waba ngumtshali zimali ongenandlela encane yokukhombisa ukuthi unalo. Okuhlangenwe nakho ekutshaleni imali.
Iphethini yezibambiso ze-serial kanye nokukhwabanisa kwephiramidi
Ngaphambilini, ngaphambi kokuba ahileleke ezinhlelweni ze-Ponzi, u-Fuentes wayengumsabalalisi we-Organo Gold ngo-2013, okuwumuthi waseShayina ofaka ikhofi nemikhiqizo yezempilo nge-Ganoderma mushroom.
Ngaphambi kokuya ku-ArbiStar, uFuentes wayengumtshali-zimali ophambili ku-Global Unity emuva ngo-2014, yona ngokwayo ixhunyiwe ku uhlelo lwe-WCM777 Ponzi oluzinze eCalifornia, lwaqalwa yisizwe saseShayina uMing Xu.
Umbuso wezezimali kaXu wawa njengendlu yamakhadi ngaphansi kophenyo yi-United States Securities Exchange Commission futhi yamiswa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, hhayi ngaphambi kokuthi eseqoqe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-65, futhi wasebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-28 kubatshalizimali abakhohlisayo, awafaka kuma-akhawunti ahlukahlukene asebhange e-US, wabe kuphambukisiwe ku-Hong Kong kanye ne-Shanghai Banking Corporation, eyagcina ibambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokukhishwa kwempahla, ngisho nangemva kokuba waxwayiswa ukuthi iWCM777 ibisebenza ngokukhwabanisa.
Ngisho no-Xu, i-WCM777 namanxusa abehla ukwephula I-Securities Exchange Act kanye nokushaywa ngezinhlawulo eziqinile, lokhu ngokusobala akwenzanga lutho ukuvimbela u-Fuentes ukuba aphishekele amabhizinisi afanayo azungezwe isimo sokukhwabanisa.
Ngemuva kokuwa kweGlobal Unity, ngo-2015, uFuentes wakwazi ukukhuphuka enyuka njengomtshali zimali ophambili kwenye inkampani yokutshala imali eyaziwa ngeMoneyBox TV, Umphumela kube olunye uhlelo lwe-Ponzi.
Ngokufanayo ne-ArbiStar - eyayisazofika - basekelwe imodeli yabo yebhizinisi ku-MLM ngekhomishini yokudluliselwa, okubonakala kuyitimu esebenzayo lapha. Le nkampani yayise-Italy, futhi yayiphethwe yi-CEO u-Simone Di Sabato, naye owayenomlando wokuba khona abathintekayo ngezinye izindlela zebhizinisi ezingabazekayo yena.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-ArbiStar uyazalwa maduze nje. Njengoba kuqokonyiswe ngenhla, i-arbiter bot yabo iphahlazeka, njengoba imali yabatshalizimali ibonakala inyamalala ngenkathi i-ArbiStar ibonakala yenza ukulawula umonakalo. Okwenzeka ngokulandelayo kungase kubonakale kumangala. Kepha ngale ndlela i-ArbiStar 2.0 yeza ngayo, ivuselela kabusha yabo imizamo "ekuthuthukiseni i-crypto bots yokuhweba ngokuzenzakalelayo."
I-ArbiStar kanye nomdondoshiya wewebhu omnyama
Ngaphakathi kwewebhu emnyama kukhona umdondoshiya ongcwatshwe ngaphakathi kwamaseva angaphansi komhlaba eRussia owaziwa ngeHydra Market. Ucwaningo lwe-Tulip uboshiwe ArbiStar ukuze Hydra.
Le makethe ye-darknet (DNM) iyona imakethe emnyama enkulu ezweni futhi yaqala ngo-January 2015 lapho yethula inkundla egxile kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni inkundla engaphansi yabasebenzisi abangaziwa ukuze bathenge izidakamizwa, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa nezinsizakalo zokugebenga, imibhalo yomgunyathi, ukulahlwa kwedatha eyebiwe nezinye izimpahla ezingekho emthethweni. Lesi sinyathelo senzeke cishe eminyakeni emibili ngemuva kweFederal Bureau of Investigation vala shaqa umgwaqo kaSilk odumile DNM.
Isithombe-skrini esibonakalayo seHydra Market.
I-Hydra DNM ehamba phambili uthi unazo Ama-akhawunti abhalisiwe ayizigidi ezi-3 kunethiwekhi yawo futhi acubungula ngaphezu kwe-100,000 ye-crypto transactions yansuku zonke. Ukwengeza, le DNM inamakhasimende angu-400,000 aphindekayo, ngokusho kwe- ukuhlaziywa eshicilelwe ngonyaka odlule yisikhungo sezindaba esiphenyayo, i-Proekt.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-DNM enkulu kunazo zonke eNtshonalanga kwakuyi-AlphaBay, okwakukholakala ukuthi inabasebenzisi ababhalisiwe abangu-400,000 ekuphakameni kwempumelelo yayo. Ukusebenza kwayo kwaba vala shaqa ngo-2017 yiziphathimandla zase-US kanye nezikhulu zomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengoba kwabikwa iwebhusayithi ye-Hydra ngonyaka odlule - evalelwe kunethiwekhi ye-Tor futhi ingafinyelelwa kuphela nge-IP engaziwa - inhloso yabo ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwayo kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni emhlabeni jikelele, okubandakanya ikakhulukazi amazwe aseNtshonalanga efuna ukukhulisa $ 145 million imali yokutshala imali ngokudayiswa kwamathokheni. Lo msebenzi bekumele uqalise ngoZibandlela wezi-2016.
Indawo yemakethe ikhuthaze amakhasimende ukuthi athenge inqwaba yamathokheni ayi-100 anenani elingu-$100 lilinye - elingathengwa ngokuqondile kuwebhusayithi yabo ye-Bitcoin (BTC) - okungavumela umthengi ukuba abe namalungelo angu-0.003% wamalungelo enkampani, kanye nayo yonke inzuzo ekhiqizwa yi-Hydra, nakuba bengathuli mayelana nokuthi i-blockchain izohlotshaniswa namathokheni.
Ngokombiko othile imemorandamu eshicilelwe ngabakwaHydra, “Kuzoqala inkathi entsha eNtshonalanga. Isilinganiso sokwanda akunzima ukusicabanga.”
IHydra kudingeke ukuthi iwuhlehlise lo mzamo ngenxa yalolu bhubhane, okuqinisa umbono wokuthi lo msebenzi unazo zonke izisekelo zomkhonyovu wokuphuma.
Umlayezo oveza ukuhlehliswa kokwethulwa kwephrojekthi ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.
Kodwa-ke, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Hydra ibonakala inesimo sokusebenza mayelana nokuhlehliswa, nomlayezo wobungani kubasebenzisi bayo:
“Bonke abathenge amathokheni imali yabo ibuyiselwe yonke kuma-akhawunti abo. Siyabonga ngokuba nathi. Sizonazisa ukuthi sizobuyela nini kulo msebenzi.”
Nokho, ulwazi olumayelana nempumelelo yalo msebenzi wokuqongelela imali alucacile futhi alucacile. Ukuthi iphumelele noma cha ukuheha abatshalizimali akwaziwa kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi.
Okwenziwayo okusolisayo kusolwa ukuthi kuxhumanisa i-ArbiStar ne-Hydra
Ngemuva kokuhlola umsebenzi owenziwe yi-ArbiStar, iTulip Research yathola umsebenzi osolisayo oxhumanisa i-ArbiStar nemakethe yeHydra. NgoSepthemba 16, 2020, Ucwaningo lwe-Tulip kubika kokuphakelayo kwabo kwe-Twitter:
"Ikheli lapho i-ArbiStar ikhokhele abasebenzisi abangama-274 ngo-03/23/2019, lathola ama-Bitcoins ekhelini, lapho kuthengiselana khona, liphinde lathumela i-BTC kuma-akhawunti ayi-18 axhumene neHydra Market: imakethe emnyama edume kakhulu yaseRussia ku-darknet."
Ucwaningo lwe-Tulip Wathola ukuthi ikheli i-ArbiStar eyayikhokhele isamba sabasebenzisi abangama-274 emuva ngoMashi 2019 lase lamukele umsebenzi we-11,917 BTC eliphinde lasabalalisa ama-satoshis kuma-akhawunti ayi-18 ahlukene ayexhunywe ku-Hydra DNM.
Nakuba lokhu kuxhumana kungase kubonakale kungenasisekelo, esisindweni somlando ofanele we-ArbiStar, ikakhulukazi indoda engemuva kwayo, akunakwenzeka ukungaziba umkhondo wemvuthuluka yesinkwa ayishiyile, lapho abanye behlangene ndawonye.
Isibonelo, i-Tulip Research nayo Wathola ukuthi i-ArbiStar ibisebenzisa i-BTPayServer onyakeni odlule ngokusebenzisa isici esibizwa nge-PayJoin. I-PayJoin iyindawo ekhokhayo ukuya ekupheleni, evumela ukuthengiswa okuyimfihlo kontanga kuya-kontanga futhi yengeza isici sokufiphaza uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokwenziwa zendabuko, ngomzamo wokufihla umkhondo wemali.
Abacwaningi be-forensic bakwazi ukulandelela ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene okwenziwe yinkampani ngokuthengiselana okungenayo ngaphambi kokuqaliswa kwayo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ze-heuristic, amakheli ahlukene angahlotshaniswa futhi ngaleyo ndlela ahlukaniswe njengawenhlangano eyodwa.
Yini ethokozisayo, kwakamuva interview, u-Fuentes ubeke umthwalo wemfanelo wephutha okuthiwa liyi-bot ethimbeni labathuthukisi, okusobala ukuthi alisasebenzi kwa-ArbiStar kusukela ngosuku inkampani ethole ngalo ukuthi “abawenzanga kahle umsebenzi wabo.” UFuentes wachaza:
“I-bot ayinasici, kodwa ukuxhumana phakathi kokusebenza kwayo nalokho okuboniswa ezikrinini zeklayenti. Kusukela ngesikhathi kutholwa ukungafani, sivimbe ukuphuma kwezinkokhelo (ukuhoxa). Kusukela ngo-Agasti 1, akukaze kube khona ukukhushulwa noma ukukhangisa kwe-Community Bot ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.”
UFuentes uveze ukuthi le mali okuxazululwa ngayo ayihlangene nesamba esishiwo kwabezindaba. Uphinde waveza ukuthi uhlelo lwenkampani wukubuyisela wonke umuntu othintekile esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-12, ukuze izisulu zephutha elibizwa nge-bot zibuyise iminikelo yazo futhi zithole inzuzo ngemikhiqizo yenkampani.
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi i-ArbiStar inelayisensi yokuthola imali kubatshalizimali, u-Fuentes wathi akudingekile kusukela inkampani isebenzisana ne-cryptocurrency, okuyinto, ngokomthetho, ayibhekwa njengemali.
Kodwa-ke, ngazo zonke izici ezihlanganisayo kanye nomlando wokuziphatha okufanele, okusemnyango, kusazonqunywa ukuthi kungani i-ArbiStar iqhubeka nokuphikelela ingahloliwe abalawuli bezibambiso noma ukuthi buyini ubudlelwano obuqondile nemakethe yewebhu emnyama yaseRussia ye-titanic, i-Hydra.
Umthombo: https://beincrypto.com/arbistar-securities-fraud-and-elaborate-ponzi-scheme/
