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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has verified the occurrence of the fourth global coral bleaching event, highlighting the serious threat climate change poses to coral reefs. EcoWatch, established in 2005 in Ohio, is an online platform focused on sharing scientifically sound information about environmental topics, including problems, reasons, and possible solutions.
Currently, the world is facing its fourth global coral bleaching event, with a majority of the Great Barrier Reef being affected. According to scientists at NOAA, this is the second instance of mass bleaching in the last ten years.
In the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Ocean regions, there has been widespread heat stress that is severe enough to result in coral bleaching. This has been monitored from afar by the Coral Reef Watch program run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Derek Manzello, who is in charge of NOAA CRW, announced in a press release that there has been a noticeable increase in coral bleaching from February 2023 to April 2024 in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of all major ocean basins.
CRW utilizes data on sea surface temperatures collected from NOAA and other satellite partners from 1985 to now.
According to Reuters, in order for a bleaching event to be considered "global," there needs to be a significant amount of bleaching occurring in the three ocean basins within a one-year timeframe.
CRW reported that starting in February 2023, widespread bleaching has been observed in coral reefs in over 50 countries and territories.
Bleaching happens when corals are stressed by high water temperatures, causing them to eject the colorful algae that live inside them and help provide nutrients.
Manzello stated that over half of the coral reef areas in the world's oceans are currently facing high levels of heat stress that can lead to bleaching. This information was reported by Reuters.
Like the current global bleaching event, three previous events in 1998, 2010, and 2014 to 2017 also occurred during the El Niño climate pattern, which leads to higher sea surface temperatures. The effects of both El Niño and climate change have caused ocean temperatures to reach unprecedented levels in the past year.
According to Manzello, coral bleaching is occurring more often and more severely as the Earth's oceans heat up. This can lead to the death of coral reefs, which negatively impacts those who rely on them for their livelihoods.
Coral reefs in various tropical regions have experienced widespread bleaching since the beginning of last year. This phenomenon has been observed in locations such as Florida, the Caribbean, the eastern Tropical Pacific, the Great Barrier Reef, Brazil, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Aden, and the South Pacific.
NOAA has received reports of extensive bleaching in various locations in the Indian Ocean, such as the Seychelles, Kenya, Tanzania, Mayotte, Tromelin, and the western coast of Indonesia.
Not all corals that experience bleaching will necessarily die. If the conditions causing the bleaching improve, the corals have the potential to recover.
Manzello stated that coral reefs are facing more frequent and severe bleaching events, which is reducing the time they need to recover. Climate models indicate that by 2040 to 2050, every reef in the world will likely experience severe bleaching annually.
Earlier this year, CRW added three additional alert levels to their global coral bleaching warning system to reflect the growing severity of the threats facing the world's oceans.
Data from CRW shows that in 2024, a historically high 80 percent of the Great Barrier Reef has experienced heat stress that has led to coral bleaching. This ongoing mass bleaching event is the fifth occurrence in the past eight years for the iconic reef.
Dr. Roger Beeden, the chief scientist at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, expressed concern about the future of coral reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef. He mentioned that reefs are facing significant challenges, but efforts to protect and preserve them will continue.
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